Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Chapter 37
Management of Patients With
HIV Infection and AIDS
Chapter 37
Management of Patients With
HIV Infection and AIDS

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
HIV and AIDS Advancements
HIV and AIDS Advancements
•
Treatment has improved steadily since the advent of
combination medication therapy.
•
Survival rates have increased dramatically in the past 20
years
•
1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV;
one in five are unaware they are infected, according to
the CDC.
•
50,000 new infections per year
•
Number of new HIV infections, globally, declined 19%
over the past decade

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Transmission of HIV
Transmission of HIV
•
Transmitted by body fluids containing HIV or infected CD4
lymphocytes
–
Blood, seminal fluid, vaginal secretions, amniotic
fluid, and breast milk
–
Most prenatal infections occur during delivery
•
Casual contact does not cause transmission
•
Breaks in skin or mucosa increase risk

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Risks Associated With HIV Infections
Risks Associated With HIV Infections

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Question
Question
Is the following statement true or false?
The major means of HIV transmission are unprotected sex
and the sharing of injection drug use equipment.

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Answer
Answer
True
The major means of HIV transmission are unprotected sex
and the sharing of injection drug use equipment.

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Prevention
Prevention
•
Standard precautions
•
Safer sex practices and safer behaviors
–
Abstain from sharing sexual fluids
–
Reduce the number of sexual partners to one
–
Always use latex condoms; if allergic to latex, use
nonlatex condoms
•
Do not share drug injection equipment
•
Blood screening and treatment of blood products

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Prevention for Health Care Providers
Prevention for Health Care Providers
•
Hand hygiene
•
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
•
Soiled patient care equipment handling
•
Environmental control
•
Textiles and laundry
•
Needles and other sharps
•
Patient resuscitation

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Health Care Provider Treatment
Health Care Provider Treatment
•
Postexposure prophylaxis
•
Vaccination

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
HIV Life Cycle
HIV Life Cycle
•
Attachment
•
Uncoating
•
DNA synthesis
•
Integration
•
Transcription
•
Translation
•
Cleavage
•
Budding

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Structure of HIV-1
Structure of HIV-1

Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Life Cycle of HIV-1
Life Cycle of HIV-1


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