Midterm study guide - Constantine(Roman Emperor AD 330...

Constantine (Roman Emperor) – AD 330: first Christian emperor
Feudalism : hierarchical system with servants, lords
Norman Invasion (1066):
The age of castle-building : if you have a castle, outside was usually dangerous
Magyars invasion : Byzantine kingdom was under attack from the east (-stans or modern day
Hungarians)
Arab invasion : mariners (men of the sea) were attack from the “south”
Viking invasion : from the north in 793 AD; they would first attach churches bc that’s where the
wealth was
Siene River:
Fief : was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by
an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and
service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty
Agricultural revolution (11 th and 12 th c.): windmills, horseshoes, horses replaced oxen with harnesses
around shoulders rather than their necks
Significance of the crusades : needed a restoration of western confidence bc there was a rebirth of Islam,
Pope Urban II asks devout Christians to defend the holy land in 1095 AD. There were about 8 crusades in
total; overall a failure militarily. Only the first one was successful. Seljuk Turks were imposing on the
Byzantine Empire whose job was to defend the holy land. This led to a surge of money going towards the
pope and the church in general because people were leaving to go on these journeys and if they died,
their wealth/land would be left for the Church
Venice :
Damascus plums:
Canon law:
Innocent III:
Legate:
Transubstantiation:
St. Dominic:
St. Francis of Assisi:
Those who ruled/fought:
Those who prayed:
Those who labored:

University of bologna:
Romantic love:
Genghis Khan:
Pax Mongolia:
Ottoman Turks:
1453
significance of Mongol invasions
bubonic plague (Black Death)
Papal Exile to Avignon, France
The Hundred Years War, 1337-1453
Joan of Arc
significance of the Hundred Years War
Italian city-states
Florence
The Medici
Humanism
War of the Roses (England), 1455-85
House of Tudor (Henry VII, VIII, Bloody Mary, Elizabeth)
Ferdinand and Isabella (Aragon & Castille)
rise of Atlantic powers
Cape Bojador
Mali
Azores-Madeiras-Canaries-Cape Verde – islands off West African coast (N to S)
Vasco da Gama (Portugal)
Christopher Columbus (Spain)
Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
Ferdinand Magellan, 1519
Goa
Nagasaki

tithe (noun)
Johannes Gutenberg & the Reformation
Donation of Constantine : document where Constantine called upon Pope Sylvester to cure him of his
leprosy. Constantine was so grateful that the gave him total Papal Power but this was a forgery because
the document had wording that did come about until 900 AD (Constantine’s Donation was supposedly
written in 330 AD). This all lead to the questioning of why the Pope actually has power
Wittenberg, Saxony (Germany ): where Martin Luther was a priest and where he posted all the stuffs
Martin Luther : 1483-1546; Augustinian order.