6501Week5Discussion2 - ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK 1 NURS 6501...

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK 1
NURS 6501: Advanced Pathophysiology
Week 5 Discussion 2
Anaphylactic Shock
INITIAL POST
Pathophysiology
Anaphylaxis is a rare but severe allergic reaction. It can occur suddenly, can worsen
quickly and can be deadly. Anaphylactic shock begins with exposure of a sensitized individual to
an allergen, such as insect venom, shellfish, foods, and medications (Huether & McCance, 2017).
Anaphylaxis is a form of distributive shock. The reaction occurs when the body’s antigen
recognizes an allergen, or trigger, causing antibodies to bind to the antigen. This leads to the
release of histamine, bradykinin, and leukotrienes resulting in vasodilation that results in
maldistribution of blood within the body and increased capillary permeability. In turn, this causes
decreased venous return, decreased cardiac output, decreased tissue perfusion and severe
hypotension. With the increased capillary permeability, this causes decreased blood flow and a
fluid shift causing edema and inflammation. Extravascular effects consist of the constriction of
extravascular smooth muscle causing laryngospasm and bronchospasm; other symptoms can
include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Without prompt medical treatment, the body continues to a
state of shock and eventually, death.
Treatment
Anaphylactic shock typically has a sudden onset and can progress to death within
minutes of treatment is not provided. Treatment varies based off if the patient is presenting with a

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK 2
mild or severe presentation. Early symptoms can include dizziness, itchiness, nausea, vomiting,