Study Guide - Lab Exam 1-17 - Nur 0003 Lab 1 Endocrine...

Nur 0003
Lab 1 - Endocrine Histology
A. Anatomy/ Hormones
1. Be able to locate these major endocrine organs on models or figures
 Pituitary
o Be sure to look over the ppt of the anterior and posterior pituitary with the
infundibulum, portal system and tract.
o Anterior Pituitary aka Adenohypophysis
 Growth hormone
 Most tissues (muscular/skeletal/connective) to Increase
metabolism & growth
 Prolactin
 Targets mammary glands & stimulates them to lactate
 Adrenocorticotropic hormone
 Targets the adrenal glands to release hormones
 Thyroid Stimulating hormone
 Targets the thyroid to produce TH
 Follicle Stimulating hormone
 Targets the follicles of the ovaries and the seminiferous
tubules
 Follicle maturation & estrogen secretion
 Sperm cell production
 Luteinizing hormone
 Targets the ovaries & testes
 Ovulation & progesterone production
 Testosterone synthesis
o Posterior Pituitary aka Neurohypophysis
 Oxytocin
 Targets the uterus (contraction) & mammary glands
(lactation)
 Antidiuretic hormone
 Targets the nephrons to reabsorb water
 Deficiency leads to diabetes insipidus
 Thyroid
o Thyroid hormone
 Secreted by follicles
 Targets most cells in the body to increase metabolism
 Hypothyroidism  weight gain, myxedema or cretinism
 Hyperthyroidism  Graves disease
o Calcitonin
 Secreted by parafollicular cells
 Targets bone, decreases osteoclast activity to lower blood Ca++
 Parathyroids
o Parathyroid hormone
 Targets bone, increases osteoclast activity to increase blood Ca++
 Pancreas
o Insulin
 Targets liver, skeletal muscle, fat tissue
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Nur 0003
 Increases intake of glucose by cells
o Glucagon
 Targets liver to stimulate breakdown of glycogen stores into usable
glucose
 Adrenals
o Cortisol
 Targets most tissues to inhibit immune inflammatory response
o Aldosterone
 Targets the nephrons to increase salt (thus water) reabsorption
o Androgens
 Targets many tissues for secondary sex characteristics in females
o Epi & Norepi
 Targets heart, vessels, liver & fat cells – Fight or flight
 Testes
o Testosterone
 Secondary sex characteristics, libido, sperm production
 Ovaries
o Estrogen & progesterone
 Secondary sex characteristics, menstrual cycles
B. Microscopic Study – these were included as ppt’s in week 1.
1. Be able to identify the gland and give its major hormone, and target tissue.
 Pituitary - anterior and posterior
 Thyroid – look for follicular cells
 Parathyroid – look for dense cells imbedded into thyroid.
 Adrenals – be able to tell cortex from medulla
 Pancreas – look for islet cells
 Testes – look for Leydig cells, and seminiferous tubules
 Ovaries – look for follicle cells and egg.