1.Foundations of the Victorian Era Industrial Revolutiontranspiring in England around the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, this is a time when individuals began working in factories, when hand tools gave way to powered machines, and when people began moving into or closer to urban areas Realisma movement in literature and the arts in which authors and artists attempted to depict reality while avoiding the insertion of supernatural or exotic elements Romanticism British and European artistic and philosophical movement extending from the late eighteenth century through the mid- nineteenth century that emphasized individuality, subjective experience, the imagination, and passionate emotion Victorian Erathe period in England when Queen Victoria reigned, from 1837 until 1901; this time period was known for its focus on morality, human behavior, and etiquette Vocab Arcade Introduction to the Victorian Era Great changes were stirring in Europe around 1840—Queen Victoria had just taken the throne in England and the English Industrial Revolution was in full swing. Ever since the Middle Ages, as the centuries continued to pass, people were focusing less on religion and more on themselves. It may seem selfish, but in truth, it was necessary—theIndustrial Revolutionforced the majority of specialty tradesmen to retire from their respective professions. Goods were being mass-produced in factories and these goods were less expensive. The barter system, a way of trading goods and services between two parties, went out the window because nobody had anything to trade anymore. Thus, people worked at factories in order to take care of their own basic needs. The English Industrial Revolution also ushered in a whole slew of problems. Because people were moving into urban areas to fill these factory jobs, cities were becoming overcrowded and overpopulated. Small, cramped, confined rooms combined with
