School of Hotel Administration
HADM 1115: Organizational Behavior
Cornell University
Fall 2008
Chapter 3 Personality Perception and Attribution
Individual Differences and Organizational Behavior
o
Individuals = unique
They have different skills, abilities, personalities, perceptions, attitudes, emotions,
and ethics
o
Cause the challenge of management
Managers must understand individual differences
o
Basis to understand: Lewin’s early contention that behavior is a function of the person
and the environment
He expressed this in an equation: B = ∫(P, E), where B = behavior, P = person and E
= environment.
•
This idea has been developed by the interactional psychology
•
Basically means you need to know about person and environment
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Four Basic propositions of interactional psychology
Behavior is a function of a continuous multidirectional interaction between the
person and the situation
The person is active in this process and is situations and changes situations
People vary both changed by in many characteristics, including cognitive, affective,
motivational, and ability factors
Two interpretations of situations are important
•
The objective situation and the person’s subjective view of the situation
Personality and Organizations
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Personality is the relatively stable set of characteristics that influence an individual’s
behavior
It has several origins
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Heredity
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Environment
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Trait Theory
Early researches believed that we must break down behavior patterns into a series of
observable traits
Trait Theory is the belief that when you combine these traits into a group it forms an
individual’s personality
Gordon Allport
Thousands of traits have been identified
Raymond Cattell identified 16 traits that formed the basis for differences in
individual behavior
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Ex. self-assured/apprehensive
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Big Five Personality Model
The Big Five is one popular personality classification
The Personality Traits are:
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Extraversion
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Agreeableness
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Conscientiousness
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Emotional Stability
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Openness to Experience
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School of Hotel Administration
HADM 1115: Organizational Behavior
Cornell University
Fall 2008
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Integrative Approach
Personality is described as a composite of the individual’s psychological processes
Personality dispositions include emotions cognitions attitudes expectancies and
fantasies
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Simply individuals’ tendencies to respond to situations in consistent ways
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Influenced by genetics and experiences
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Can be modified
o

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- Fall '06
- SIMONS
- Psychology, Personality Psychology, Administration Cornell University, Hotel Administration Cornell, Organizational Behavior Fall
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