Torts Case Digests (Calleja).pdf - 3D 2009-2010 TORTS...

Unformatted text preview: 3D 2009-2010 TORTS DIGESTS TORTS & DAMAGES Atty. Howard Calleja Digested by: IIID 2009-2010 Beadle: Jan Porter; Compilers: Diane Lipana, Chrissie Moral, Cheska Respicio, and Tel Virtudez 3D 2009-2010 DIGESTS – TORTS & DAMAGES TABLE of C ONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 1. Classes of Torts 2. Damage and Damages: Distinction 3. Culpa Aquiliana/Contractual/ Criminal : Distinction 1 BLTB & Armando Pon vs. IAC ……………………………. 2 Aboitiz vs. CA ……………………………………………… 3 Dangwa Transport vs. CA. ………………………………….. 4 Atienza vs. COMELEC …………………………………….. 5 People vs. Bayotas ………………………………………….. 6 Elcano vs. Hill ……………………………………………… 7 DMPI Employees vs. Velez Metal-NAFLU ………………... 8 Padilla et. al. vs. CA ………………………………………… 9 Philippine Rabbit Bus Lines, Inc. vs. People ……………….. 10 Manliclic vs. Calaunan……………………………………… 11 Air France vs. Carascoso and CA…………………………... 12 LRTA vs. Navidad…………………………………………. 13 Far East Bank and Trust Co. vs. CA ………………………. 14 Natividad vs. Andamo Emmanuel R. Andamo vs IAC…….. 15 Castro vs. People ………………………………………….. 16 Fabre vs. CA ………………………………………………. 17 Calalas vs. CA……………………………………………… 18 Padua and Padua vs. Robles and Bay Taxi Cab……………. 19 Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Company of Manila Inc. vs. CA … II. QUASI-DELICT 1. Elements 20 Vergara vs. CA …………………………………………….. 21 Natividad vs. Andamo Emmanuel R. Andamo vs. IAC…….. 22 FGU Insurance vs. CA …………………………………….. 23 Equitable Leasing Corp vs. Lucita Suyom et al …………….. 24 Cinco vs. Canonoy ………………………………………… 2. No Double Recovery Rule 25 Virata vs. Ochoa …………………………………………... 26 Jarantilla vs. CA …………………………………………… 27 Atlantic Gulf vs. CA ……………………………………… 28 Cancio Jr. v. Isip …………………………………………... III. NEGLIGENCE 1. Concept of Negligence 29 Picart vs. Smith ……………………………………………. 30 Citytrust Banking Corp. vs. IAC and Emme Herrero………. 31 Metrobank vs. CA …………………………………………. 32 Far East Bank and Trust Company vs. Querimit…………… 33 Reyes vs. CA……………………………………………….. 34 Adzuara vs. CA ……………………………………………. 35 Bayne Adjuster and Surveyor Inc v CA, …………………… 36 Samson, Jr. vs. BPI ………………………………………... 37 UCPB v. Teofilo C. Ramos ………………………………... 38 FEBTC vs. Marquez ………………………………………. 39 Cusi v. PNR………………………………………………... 40 Gan vs. CA ………………………………………………... 41 Valenzuela vs. CA………………………………………….. 42 Prudential Bank v. CA …………………………………….. 2. Negligence as the Poximate Cause 43 Subido vs. Custodio………………………………………... 44 Ridjo Tape and Chemical Corp. v. CA …………………….. 45 Raynera v. Hiceta ………………………………………….. 46 Ermitaño VS CA …………………………………………... 47 BPI Express Card Corporation v Olalia …………………… 48 Benguet Electric Cooperative, Inc vs. CA, ………………… 49 St. Mary’s Academy vs Carpitanos …………………………. 50 Adriano vs. Pangilinan ……………………………………... 51 Vda. De Bataclan v. Mariano Medina ……………………... 52 Umali v. Bacani ……………………………………………. 53 Bacarro v Castaño …………………………………………. 54 Phoenix Construction v IAC ………………………………. 55 Smith Bell and Company v CA …………………………….. 56 Fernando v CA ……………………………………………. 57 Austria vs. CA ……………………………………………... 58 Consolidated Bank vs CA………………………………….. 59 Philippine National Railway vs. CA ………………………... 3. Proof of Negligence 60 PLDT vs. CA ……………………………………………… 61 Food Terminal Inc. vs. CA and Basic Foods……………….. 62 German Marine Agencies, Inc. vs. NLRC …………………. 63 Tan vs. Northwest Airlines ………………………………... 64 Collin Morris v CA, Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) ….. 65 Crisostomo vs. CA ………………………………………... 4. Presumption of Negligence a) Res Ipsa Loquitur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 i 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 3D 2009-2010 DIGESTS – TORTS & DAMAGES 66 Africa vs. Caltex, Boquiren and the CA ……………………. 67 F.F. Cruz vs. CA …………………………………………... 68 Ma-ao Sugar Central Co., Inc. vs CA ……………………… 69 Batiquin vs. CA ……………………………………………. 70 Reyes s.v Sisters of Mercy Hospital………………………... 71 Ramos v CA [122999] ……………………………………... 72 Ramos v CA [041102] ……………………………………... 73 DMCI vs. Court of Appeal ………………………………... 74 Perla Compania Inc vs. Spouses Sarangaya ………………... 75 Macalinao v. Ong ………………………………………….. 76 Capili v. Spouses Cadana …………………...……………… 77 Cantre v. Spouses Go ……………………………………... b) Respondent Superior 78 City of Manila vs. IAC …………………………………….. 79 Viron Transportation Co. v. Santos ………………………... 80 Calalas vs. CA …………………………………………….... 81 Pestano v. Sumayang ………………………………………. 82 Ramos v CA ……………………………………………….. 83 Ramos vs. CA …………………………………………….. 84 Castilex vs. Vasquez ……………………………………….. 85 Nogales vs. Capitol Medical Center ………………………... 86 Professional Services vs. Natividad ………………………... c) Violation of Traffic Rules 87 Mallari Sr. and Jr. v. CA and Bulletin Publishing Corp……... 88 BLTB v. IAC ……………………………………………... 89 Manuel vs. CA ……………………………………………... 90 Aguilar vs. Commercial Savings Bank ……………………... 91 US vs. Crame ……………………………………………… 92 SPS Caedo v. Yu Khe Thai ………………………………... 93 FGU Insurance vs. CA ……………………………………. d) Common Carrier 94 DSR-Senator Lines vs. Federal Phoenix Assurance Co., Inc... 95 Delsan Transport Lines Inc. v C&A Construction ………… 96 Singapore Airlines vs. Fernandez …………………………... e) Dangerous Weapon & Substances 97 Smith Bell and Company v CA …………………………….. 5. Defenses a) Contributory Negligence 98 Rakes v. Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Co…………………….... 99 Taylor vs. Manila Electric…………………………………... 100 Phoenix Construction v IAC ……………………………... 101 LBC AIR CARGO vs. CA ……………………………….. 102 Jarco Marketing Corp vs. CA and Aguilars ……………….. 103 Illusorio vs. CA…………………………………………… 70 71 72 73 74 75 77 78 80 82 84 85 104 Gan vs. CA ……………………………………………… 105 Estacion vs. Bernardo ……………………………………. 106 Cadiente vs. Macas ……………………………………….. 107 NPC v Heirs of Casionan ………………………………… b) Assumption of Risk 108 Afialda v. Hisole ………………………………………….. 109 Ong vs. Metropolitan Water District ……………………... 110 Co. v. CA ………………………………………………… 111 Erquiaga v CA ……………………………………………. c) Last Clear Chance 112 Picart vs. Smith …………………………………………... 113 Bustamante v. CA ………………………………………... 114 George Mckee and Araceli Koh Mckee vs. IAC ………….. 115 PBCom v. CA ……………………………………………. 116 Canlas vs. CA …………………………………………….. 117 Ong vs. Metropolitan Water District ……………………... 118 Anuran, et al. vs. Buno, et. Al …………………………….. 119 Phoenix Construction v IAC ……………………………... 120 Glan People’s Lumber and Hardware vs NLRC ………….. 121 Pantranco North Express, Inc vs Baesa …………………... 122 LBC Air Inc, et al v CA, et al ……………………………... 123 Raynera v. Hiceta ………………………………………… 124 LADECO vs. Angala …………………………………….. 125 Austria v. CA ……………………………………………... 126 Consolidated Bank and Trust Corp. v. CA ……………….. d) Prescription 127 Capuno vs. Pepsi-Cola …………………………………… 128 Virgilio Callanta vs. Carnation Philippines Inc……………. 129 Allied Bank vs. CA ……………………………………….. 130 Arsenio Delos Reyes et al. v. CA …………………………. 131 Ferrer vs. Ericta …………………………………………... 132 Kramer, Jr. vs. CA ………………………………………... e) Fortuitous Event 133 Bayacen vs. CA..…………………………………………... 134 NAPOCOR v. CA (1992)..………………………………... 135 NAPOCOR vs. CA……………………………………….. 136 Philippine Airlines Inc. vs CA…………………………….. 137 Cipriano vs. CA………………………………………….... 138 Yobido vs. CA……………………………………………. 139 Japan Airlines vs. CA…………………………………….... 140 Gotesco Investment Corporation vs. Chatto……………… f) Diligence 141 Walter Smith Co. v. Cadwallader Gibson Lumber Co……... 142 Ong vs. Metropolitan Water District ........................................ 86 87 88 89 90 92 93 94 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 112 113 114 115 ii 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 153 155 156 157 3D 2009-2010 DIGESTS – TORTS & DAMAGES 143 Fabre V. CA………………………………………………. 144 PBCom v. CA…………………………………………….. 145 Reyes v. CA………………………………………………. 146 Crisostomo vs. CA………………………………………... g) Mistake and Waiver 147 Spouses Theis v CA………………………………………. 148 Gatchalian vs. Delim……………………………………… 149 Phil Carpet vs. PMC………………………………………. 150 Dapor v. Biascan………………………………………….. h) Others 151 Sison vs. David…………………………………………… 152 Malit v. People of the Philippines and Judge Ofilada……… 153 Proline vs. CA…………………………………………….. 154 Amonoy vs. Gutierrez…………………………………….. 155 Rogelio Mariscal vs. CA…………………………………... 156. Sycip (BP 22 case, not included in digests) 157 Spouses Lim v Uni Tan Marketing………………………... 158 Ramos v CA……………………………………………. IV. VICARIOUS LIABILITY/PRIMARY/SOLIDARY LIABILITY 1. Vicarious Liability a) Parents and Guardians 159 Cuadra v. Monfort……………………………………….... 160 Elcano vs. Hill…………………………………………….. 161 Libi vs. IAC……………………………………………….. 162 Exconde vs. Capuno……………………………………… 163 Salen vs. Balce…………………………………………….. 164 Canlas v Chan Lin Po, Remedios Diala, and LimKoo…….. b) Owners and Managers of Enterprises 165 Tamargo vs. CA…………………………………………... 166 Heirs of Delos Santos vs. CA…………………………….. 167 St. Francis High School vs. CA…………………………… 168 Go vs. Intermediate Appellate Court…………………….... 169 PSBA v. CA………………………………………………. 170 Jose V. CA………………………………………………... 171 Castilex vs. Vasquez………………………………………. c) Employers 172 Franco vs. IAC……………………………………………. 173 China Airlines vs. CA……………………………………... 174 Go vs. Intermediate Appellate Court…………….………... 175 Soliman vs. Tuazon……………………………………….. 176 Castilex v. Vazquez………………………………………... 177 Jose V. CA………………………………………………... 178 Victory Liner vs. Heirs of Malecdan………………………. 158 159 160 161 179 Delsan Transport Lines Inc. v C&A Construction………... 180 Cerezo vs. Tuazon………………………………………... 181 Yambao vs. Zuniga………………………………………... 182 Spouses Hernandez v Dolor………………………………. 183 Ernesto Martin vs. CA and MERALCO…………………... 184 Filamer Christian Institute vs. CA and Kapunan…………... 185 Filamer Christian Institute vs. IAC………………………... 186 Metro Manila Transit Corp v CA ………………………… 187 Valenzuela vs. CA………………………………………… 188 Filipinas Broadcasting Network Inc. vs. AMEC-BCCM…... 189 Estacion v. Bernardo……………………………………... 190 Mercury Drug vs. Spouses Huang………………………… d) State 191 Merrit vs. Government of the Philippine Islands………….. 192 Mendoza v. De Leon…………………………………….... 193 Fontanilla vs. Maliaman………………………………….... e) Teachers/Heads of Establishments 194 Palisoc vs. Brillantes………………………………………. 195 Amadoras vs. CA…………………………………………. 196 Salvosa vs. IAC…………………………………………… 197 Phil. School of Business Administration v CA…………….. 198 Mercado vs. CA……………………...……………………. 199 Ylarde v Aquino…………………………………………... 200 Joseph Saladuga vs. Far Eastern University……………….. 2. Primary Liability a) Possessors/Users of Aminals 201 Afialda v. Hisole…………………………………………... 202 Vestil vs. IAC…………………………………………….. b) Owners of Motor Vehicles 203 Chapman vs. Underwood…………………………………. 204 First Malayan Leasing v CA……………………………….. 205 Manlangit vs. Urgel………………………………………... 206 FGU Insurance vs. CA……………………………………. 207 Aguilar vs. Commercial Savings Bank…………………….. 208 Caedo vs. Yu Khe Thai…………………………………… 209 Malayan Insurance vs CA…………………………………. c) Manufacturers & Processors d) Municipal Corporations 210 University of Manila vs. IAC……………………………… 211 Bernardino Jimenez vs City of Manila…………………….. 212 Guilatco vs. City of Dagupan…………………………... 213 Torio vs. Fontanilla……………………………………….. 214 Municipality of San Juan vs. CA…………………………... e) Building Proprietors 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 183 185 186 187 188 189 190 192 193 194 195 iii 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 205 206 208 209 210 211 212 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 231 232 233 234 235 3D 2009-2010 DIGESTS – TORTS & DAMAGES 215 De Roy vs. CA……………………………………………. 216 Gotesco Investment Corporation vs. Chatto……………… f) Engineers/Architects/Contractors 217 Juan F. Nakpil & Sons vs. CA……………………………. 218 Juan F. Nakpil, et al. vs. CA………………………………. g) Solidary Liability 219 Gelisan vs. Alday………………………………………….. 220 Cruz vs. vs. NLRC………………………………………... 221 Singapore Airlines Limited vs. CA………………………… 222 De Guzman vs. NLRC……………………………………. 223 GSIS v. CA……………………………………………….. 224 Basilio vs. Bersamira……………………………………… V. SPECIAL TORTS 1. Abuse of Right 225 Velayo, etc. vs Shell Co., of the Philippines, et al. ….............. 226 Filinvest Credit Corporation v. CA………………………... 227 De Guzman vs. NLRC……………………………………. 228 UE Vs. Jader……………………………………………… 229 Sea Commercial vs. CA…………………………………… 230 Andrade v CA…………………………………………….. 231 HSBC vs. Catalan…………………………………………. 232 NAPOCOR vs. CA……………………………………….. 233 Carpio v. Valmonte……………………………………….. 234 D.M. Wenceslao et al..vs. Readycon Trading……………… 235 Llorente v Sandiganbayan…………………………………. 236 Heirs of Purisima Nala vs Artemio Cabansag……………... 2. Contrary to Law and Morals 237 Hermosisima vs. CA……………………………………… 238 Gashem Shookat Baksh vs. CA and Marilou Gonzales……. 239 Ponce vs. Legaspi…………………………………………. 240 Medel vs. CA…………………………………………….... 241 Perez vs. CA……………………………………………… 242 Investors Finance Corporation vs. Autoworld…………….. 243 Silvestre vs. Ramos………………………………………... 244 Wassmer vs. Velez………………………………………... 245 Gashem Shookat Baksh vs. CA and Marilou Gonzales……. 3. Unjust Enrichment 246 Pecson vs. CA…………………………………………….. 247 Security Bank and Trust Company vs. CA………………… 248 Spouses Theis v CA………………………………………. 249 Valarao v CA…………………………………………….... 250 Grepalife vs. CA…………………………………………... 251 EPG Construction et al v. Vigilar ………………………… 236 237 252 PADCOM vs. Ortigas Center……………………………... 253 David Reyes v Jose Lim…………………………………... 254 UP vs. Philab Industries, Inc. …………………………….. 255 H.L. Carlos v. Marina Properties Inc……………………… 4. Judicial Vigilance 256 People vs. Baylon…………………………………………. 257 Clarita Cruz vs. NLRC……………………………………. 5. Thoughtless Extravagance 6. Right to Privacy 258 St Louis Realty vs CA and Aramil………………………… 259 Castro Vs. People of the Philippines……………………… 7. Disrespect for Person 260 Tenchavez vs. Ecano……………………………………... 261 Concepcion vs. CA and Sps. Nicolas……………………… 262 Navarrete vs. CA………………………………………….. 263 Marquez vs. Desierto…………………………………….... 8. Dereliction of Duty 264 Zulueta v. Nicolas………………………………………… 265 Javellana V. Tayo………………………………………….. 266 Phimco vs. City of Cebu…………………………………... 267 Torio vs. Fontanilla……………………………………….. 9. Unfair Competition 268 Spinner v. Hesslein Corporation…………………………... 269 Manila Oriental Sawmill Co. vs. NLRC…………………… 270 Habana v. Robles…………………………………………. 10. Violation of Civil/Political Right 271 Lim vs. Ponce De Leon………………………………….... 272 Rama vs. CA……………………………………………… 273 Aberca vs. Ver…………………………………………….. 274 MHP Garments, Inc vs. CA………………………………. 275 Obra v CA………………………………………………... 276 German v. Barangan……………………………………… 277 Habana v. Robles…………………………………………. 278 Vinzons-Chato vs. Fortune Tobacco (2007)………………. 279 Vinzons-Chato vs. Fortune Tobacco (2008)………………. 238 240 241 242 243 244 255 246 247 248 249 250 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 260 261 262 263 264 265 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 VI. INTERFERENCE IN CONTRACTUAL RELATION 280 Gilchrist vs. Cuddy………………………………………... 281 Daywalt v. Corporacion De Los Padres Agustinos Recoletos…... 282 People’s Bank vs. Dahican Lumber……………………….. 283 Rubio vs. CA…………………………………………….... 284 Laforteza vs Machuca……………………………………... 285 So Ping Bun vs. CA………………………………………. 286 Lagon vs. CA and Lapuz………………………………….. iv 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 304 305 306 309 310 312 313 314 315 317 3D 2009-2010 DIGESTS – TORTS & DAMAGES VII. CIVIL LIABILIY ARISING FROM CRIME 1. Remedies a) Civil Action with Criminal Action 287 People of the Philippines v. Relova……………………….. 288 Manuel vs. Alfeche, Jr…………………………………….. 289 Reyes Trucking vs. People………………………………… 290 Bebiano M. Banez vs. Valdevilla…………………………... 291 DMPI Employees vs. Velez Metal………………………… 292 Replum (Neplum, Inc.) vs. Obreso………………………... 293 Hambon vs. CA…………………………………………... b) Separate Civil Action 294 Cojuangco, Jr. v. CA……………………………………… 295 Sarmiento Jr vs. CA………………………………………. c) Independent Civil Action 296 Carandang vs.. Santiago…………………………………… 297 Lontoc vs. MD Transit & Taxi Co………………………... 298 Andamo vs IAC…………………………………………... 299 Cancio Jr. vs Isip………………………………………… 2. Effects a) Acquittal 300 Padilla et al. vs. CA………………………………………... 301 Maximo v.Gerochi ……………………………………….. 302 Mansion Bicuit Co. vs. CA………………………………... 303 Heirs of Guaring vs. CA…………………………………... 304 Cruz vs. CA (and Umali)………………………………….. 305 Sapiera vs. CA…………………………………………….. 306 Manantan vs. CA…………………………………………. b) Extinction of Civil Liability 307 Castillo vs. CA…………………………………………….. 308 Bunag, Jr. vs. CA………………………………………….. 309 People of the Philippines v. Relova……………………….. 310 Llorente v Sandiganbayan…………………………………. 311 People vs. Corpuz………………………………………… 3. Prejudicial Question 312 Falgui vs. Provincial Fiscal……………………………... 313 Isabelo Apa et al vs. Fernandez………………………….. 314 Beltran vs. People………………………………………… 315 Mercado vs. Tan…………………………………………... 316 Marbella-Bobis v. Bobis…………………………………... 317 First Producers Holding Corporation v. Luis Co………….. 318 Torres vs. Gatchalian……………………………………... 319 People vs. Consing……………………………………….. 4. Sunsidiary Liability a) Concepts and Requisites 320 Bantoto v. Bobis…………………………………………... 321 Dionisio Carpio v. Doroja………………………………… 322 Yonaha Vs. CA…………………………………………… 323 Basilio vs CA……………………………………………... 324 Catacutan vs. Kadusale et. al…………………………….. 325 International Flavors and Fragrances (Phil.), Inc. vs. Argos.. b) Diligence is not a Defense 326 Arambulo vs. Manila Electric Co………………………….. 327 Yumul vs. Juliano and Pampanga Bus Co…………………. 328 Connel Bros. vs. Aduna…………………………………... 318 319 320 322 323 324 326 327 328 VII DAMAGES 1. Concepts/Kinds of Damages 329 Nakpil vs CA……………………………………………... 330 Filinvest Credit vs. IAC…………………………………… 331 Occena vs. Icamina……………………………………….. 332 So Ping Bun vs. CA……………………………………….. 333 Spouses Custodio vs. CA…………………………………. 2. General Principle of Recovery 334 Air France v. CA………………………………………….. 335 Ateneo De Manila University vs. CA……………………… 336 PAL V. Miano…………………………………………….. 337 DBP v. CA………………………………………………... 338 People v Roland Paraiso…………………………………... 3. Actual Damages 339 Victory Liner vs. Heirs of Malecdan………………………. 340 Refractories Copr vs. IAC………………………………… 341 David v. CA………………………………………………. 342 PNOC Shipping and Transport Corporation vs. CA……… 343 Bank of America vs. American Realty Corp………………. 344 BPI v. Leobrera………………………………………….... 345 Talisay-Silay Milling Co. vs. Associacion de Agricultores….. 346 G.A. Machineries, Inc. vs. Yaptinchay…………………….. 347 China Airlines Limited vs. CA…………………………….. 348 Consolidated Dairy Products Co. vs. CA………………….. a) Damnum Emergens / Lucrum Cessans 349 People v. Degoma………………………………………… 350 Hualam Construction and Dev’t Corp. v. CA……………... 351 Araos et. al. vs. CA (and Jovan Land, Inc.)………………... 352 Asuncion vs. Evangelista………………………………….. 353 Woodchild Holdings v. Roxas Electric & Construction…... b) Disability/Commercial Credit 354 GSIS v. CA……………………………………………….. 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 v 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 365 366 367 368 369 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 384 385 386 388 389 390 391 392 393 3D 2009-2010 DIGESTS – TORTS & DAMAGES 355 PNB vs. Pujol…………………………………………….. c) Fixed Indemnity 356 Fortune Express Inc vs CA (and Caorong)………………... 357 People v. Balgos…………………………………………... 358 People vs. Quilatan ………………………………………. 359 People v Willy Marquez………………………..…………. d) Loss of Earning Capacity 360 Pedro Davila vs PAL…………………………………….... 361 People vs. Quilatan………………………………………... 362 People v.Jerez……………………………………………... 363 Rosales vs. CA and MMTC……………………………….. 364 People vs. Mendoza………………………………………. 365 People vs. Dubria…………………………………………. e) Interest 366 Reformina vs. Tomol……………………………………... 367 Easter Shipping vs. CA and Mercantile Insurance……….... 368 Atlantic Gulf and Pacific Co. of Manila, Inc. vs. CA…….... 369 Medel vs. CA……………………………………………... 370 David vs. CA……………………………………………... 371 Ruiz vs. CA………………………………………………. 372 Cuaton v. Salud…………………………………………... 373 Commonwealt...
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