PRELIMINARY APRIL
STUDY GUIDE FOR THE 2015 141 FINAL
Major Topics, People and Significant Events
Charles Wetmore
o
Replaces Couts as agent. He held an informal meeting and concluded that all lands be surveyed
and that the claims and rights of whites and Indians be firmly established. Certain lands should
be set aside for whites and Indians and kept from white intrusion.
Olegario Calac
o
Luiseno leader. Olegario didn’t want white surveyor’s to take more Indian land. He didn’t want a
surveyor to come to their reservation without notifying them first and having their consent and
permission. However their land was to be confiscated by three ranchers by sheriff hunsaker. The
Indians refused to leave and asked for an extension but were denied. Olegario eventually went to
DC himself and met with Grant. Grant promised to set aside land for Indians in California
o
Know that he’s pro reservation, he was poisoned, and he is luiseno. Know that he Calac and
grant tried to make reservations for the luiseno
Reservations of 1875 (9)
o
Mesa Grande, Santa Ysabel, Pala, Agua Caliente, Sequan, Inaja, Cosmit, Potrero (Rincon and La
Jolla).
Cecilio Blacktooth
o
Leader of Cupeno tribe.
Kupa/Cupeno
o
The people of cupa were very attached to their native homeland. Their land was very populated
due to the abundance of fresh water and hot springs. People like Apolinaria Lorenzana would
take ill Indians to Cupa for medical baths. These people were very welcoming and offered food
to guests. US Grant set aside land for the cupa people. The reservation was called Agua Caliente,
Spanish words for hot water. In 1900, the cupenos faces eviction and removal from their ancient
land. The cupenos looked at over 100 sites to choose where to move. The leader of the Cupeno
was Cecilio Blacktooth. He wanted nothing to do with relocation. They were relocated to Pala.
This land had much more water and better soil than Cupa, but the Cupenos still wanted their
traditional land. On the day they had to move they slowly left their house. Officials forced the
Indians out of their house. Roscinda Nolasquez was 11 when they were evicted. Once at Pala the
Cupeno settled and started a new life.
They settled with Indians who were from San Felipe.
They had to get used to new types of houses. Agent shell was in charge of Pala. He worked hard
and constantly petitioned for better housing for them. He resigned in protest because he was so
fed up with the harsh treatment of the Cupeno. Today the cupeno’s old land is part of the Warner
Springs resort. On the 100
th
anniversary of the removal the descendants revisited the spirit of
their people.
Act for the Relief of Mission Indians
o
The act for the relief of the mission Indians led to the establishment of San Pasqual reservation.
