Toughest Exam Question: What Is the Best Way to Study?By SUE SHELLENBARGERLike this columnistArticleHere's a pop quiz: What foods are best to eat before a high-stakes test? When is the best time to review the toughest material? A growingbody of research on the best study techniques offers some answers.With test-taking season upon us, Sue Shellenbarger on Lunch Break looks at the latest findings from the science of studying. For studentsapproaching SAT/ACTs, midterms and finals, which memory tricks work best and does cramming help?Chiefly, testing yourself repeatedly before an exam teaches the brain to retrieve and apply knowledge from memory. The method is moreeffective than re-reading a textbook, says Jeffrey Karpicke, an assistant professor of psychological sciences at Purdue University. If you arefacing a test on the digestive system, he says, practice explaining how it works from start to finish, rather than studying a list of its parts.In his junior year of high school in Cary, N.C., Keenan Harrell bought test-prep books and subjected himself to a "relentless and repetitive"series of nearly 30 practice SAT college-entrance exams. "I just took it over and over again, until it became almost aggravating," he says.Practice paid off. Mr. Harrell, now 19, was accepted at University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, a college he's dreamed of attending since thethird grade. He scored 1800 (out of 2400) on the SAT, up 50% from 1200 on the PSAT, a preliminary test during his sophomore year.Taking pretests "felt like hard work," Mr. Harrell says, but seeing steady increases in his scores boosted his confidence. Practice tests alsohelp with test-taking skills, such as pacing, says Paul Weeks, vice president of educational services for the ACT, which creates andadministers college-entrance exams.
