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Gravimetric Analysis of Calcium and Hard Water Lab I.Conclusion - Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to investigate the suitability of gravimetric analysis for determining the amount of water hardness in the form of calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 in various water sample. Establish a basic understanding of water hardness and improve skills of gravimetric analysis. - Procedure: In the lab, we weight the filter paper, set up the vacuum filtration. After that we made two solutions of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride, 20 ml soltution each, then combined them toghether. Mix well the combined solution for 3 mins then turned on the fauset and poured the solution slowly into the funnel. When poured all the solution, turned of the fauset, toke the filter paper out, put it on the watch glass. We left the watch glass in the lab oven, and when we came to the class next day, massed that filter paper. - Data: Sample #2 – [CaCl
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Unformatted text preview:2 ] = 0.2M Trial 1: + Mass: 0.31 g + Water hardness values: 155 mg/L + Percent yield: 77.5% Trial 2: + Mass: 0.34 g + Water hardness values: 170 mg/L + Percent yield: 85%- Classify: + [CaCl 2 ] = 0.05M (soft) + [CaCl 2 ] = 0.1M (moderately hard) + [CaCl 2 ] = 0.2M (hard) + [CaCl 2 ] = 0.3M (very hard) + [CaCl 2 ] = 0.4M (very hard) + [CaCl 2 ] = 0.5M (very hard) Class data are smaller compare to the calcution in the table that we did. Example, our group average water hardness value is 160 mg/L, meanwhile the theoretical water hardness of 0.2M CaCl 2 is 200 mg/L. II. Evaluation- Source of error: + Incomplete precipitation (would result in lower experimental sulfate content than expected) + Incomplete transfer of precipitate from the beaker to the funnel (would also result in lower experimental sulfate content than expected) + Inaccuracies with measurement (result in calcute the wrong measurment)