Section Review 13.1
Key Terms
•
Framing
•
Charismatic leadership
•
Charismatic leadership theory
•
Vision
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Vision statement
•
Level 5 leaders
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Transactional leaders
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Transformational leaders
Case Studies
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FBI
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National Rifle Association
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PepsiCo
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Apple Computer
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News Corporation
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Tyco International
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Procter & Gamble
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VeriSign
Summary
Framing
is a way to use language to manage meaning. Leaders can use language to
influence follower's perceptions of the work, the meaning of events, beliefs about causes
and consequences, and visions of the future. Framing is a powerful tool by which leaders
influence how others see and interpret reality.
Inspirational approaches to leadership attempt to inspire followers through words, ideas,
and behaviors and include charismatic and transformational styles.
Charismatic
leadership
is a four-step process consisting of (1) the leader articulating an appealing
vision; (2) the leader communicating high performance expectations and expressing
confidence that followers can attain them; (3) the leader conveying through words and
actions a new set of values and by his or her behavior, setting an example for followers to
imitate; and (4) the charismatic leader making self-sacrifices and engaging in
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unconventional behavior to demonstrate courage and convictions about the vision. A
charismatic leader's vision is key to follower acceptance. The vision should be value
centered, realizable, with superior imagery and articulation. Visions should be able to
create possibilities that are inspirational, unique, and offer a new order that can produce
organizational distinction. A person can learn to be charismatic by doing the following: (1)
maintaining an optimistic view; (2) drawing others in by creating a bond that inspires others
to follow; and (3) bringing out the potential in followers by tapping into their emotions. Use
of charisma is most appropriate when the follower's task has an ideological component or
when the environment involves a high degree of stress and uncertainty. Charismatic
leadership is not always positive, as charismatic leaders do not always act in the best
interests of their organizations. However, not all effective leaders are charismatic leaders.
Looking at managers that were highly effective, another type of leader has been identified.
A "level 5 leader" has five essential qualities: (1) individual capability; (2) team skills; (3)
managerial competence; (4) the ability to stimulate others to high performance; and (5) a
blend of personal humility and professional will. Level 5 leaders channel their ego needs

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- Spring '08
- Passovoy
- Management, Leaders, A. B., leadership Charismatic leadership, Section Outline I.
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