Lecture #5.ppt - KINE 2P05: MOTOR BEHAVIOUR Lecture 5 Feb....

Lecture 5 (Feb. 9)
Lecture 5 (Feb. 9)
TODAY:
TODAY:
COGNITIVE AND
COGNITIVE AND
EMOTIONAL INFLUENCES
EMOTIONAL INFLUENCES
ON MOTOR CONTROL
ON MOTOR CONTROL
KINE 2P05: MOTOR BEHAVIOUR
KINE 2P05: MOTOR BEHAVIOUR

ATTENTION
ATTENTION
WHAT IS IT? WHAT IS IT?

ability to
ability to
selectively
selectively
process
process
simultaneous
simultaneous
sources of information
sources of information

focalization
focalization
of information processing resources
of information processing resources

limitation
limitation
of information processing resources
of information processing resources
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
•
(in) ability to screen and process (in) ability to screen and process relevant relevant information while information while
screening out
screening out
irrelevant
irrelevant
information
information
DIVIDED ATTENTION
DIVIDED ATTENTION
•
(in) ability to do (in) ability to do several tasks several tasks tasks tasks
at the
at the
same time
same time

SELECTIVE ATTENTION
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
Examples of skills using visual search: Examples of skills using visual search:
-
Returning a badminton or tennis serve
Returning a badminton or tennis serve
-
Shooting a basketball Shooting a basketball
-
Driving a car
Driving a car
-
Walking through a cluttered environment Walking through a cluttered environment
VISUAL SEARCH
VISUAL SEARCH

process of directing process of directing visual attention visual attention to locate to locate relevant relevant
information in the environment (i.e.
information in the environment (i.e.
choose among possible cues
choose among possible cues )
AN EXAMPLE
AN EXAMPLE

HOW TO DETERMINE?
HOW TO DETERMINE?
SELECTIVE ATTENTION
SELECTIVE ATTENTION

intermittent
intermittent
sampling
sampling
of the environment
of the environment
(
intermittent
intermittent
sampling hypothesis)
sampling hypothesis)

when when terrain is even terrain is even and and no specific foot no specific foot
placement placement is required: is required:
•
subjects visually sample the
subjects visually sample the
environment for
environment for
less than 10%
less than 10%
of the
of the
travel time
travel time

when foot placement is
when foot placement is
constrained
constrained
by
by
having subjects have to step to specific
having subjects have to step to specific
locations:
locations:
•
subjects visually sample the subjects visually sample the
environment for environment for slightly over 30% slightly over 30% of of
the travel time the travel time
Patla et al. (1996) Experimental Brain Research 112: 513-522
Patla et al. (1996) Experimental Brain Research 112: 513-522


can
can
voluntarily
voluntarily
allocate attention
allocate attention

can be can be self-directed self-directed (i.e., (i.e., you you decide what to attend to) decide what to attend to)

can result from
can result from
instructions
instructions
given to you about how and
given to you about how and
where to direct our attention
where to direct our attention
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
ALLOCATING ATTENTION RESOURCES
ALLOCATING ATTENTION RESOURCES
ATTENTION FOCUS ATTENTION FOCUS

directing attention to specific characteristics of the
directing attention to specific characteristics of the
task
task
or
or
environment
environment

internal internal = focus on mechanics of body movement = focus on mechanics of body movement

external external = focus on intended movement effect (e.g., on implement) = focus on intended movement effect (e.g., on implement)