Kelsey Porter
COMM 2600
February 2, 2009
Chapter 3: Three Early Perspectives on Organizations and Communication
Note: there are three organizational perspectives: classical management, human
relations, and human resources
A. Why Theory?
o
Theory
: run the array from simple ideas to formal systems of hypotheses
that aim to explain, predict, and control. They function as resources or
thinking tools in that they enhance our ability to explain and to act on a
wide variety of practical issues (Ex. what motivates people to work?).
Theories may also offer a creation of disparate issues or they may provide
a complete explication of a narrow topic; overall they reflect unique
historical circumstances and diverse cultural and political issues
o
Theories share two features – historical and metaphorical –
Historical in a sense that it is the product of the time in which it
emerged, reflecting the concerns and interests of the culture that
produced it
Metaphorical in that it uses language to suggest enlightening
comparisons between organizational communication and other
processes (Ex. Scientific management theory compares
organizations to machines)
B. Organizational Communication Theories As Historical Narratives: The 3 P’s
o
Theories are Partial
Partiality
: our account tells only part of the story
Because all language is partial, there can be no absolute field, no
full account, no complete story of organizational communication
o
Theories are Partisan
Partisanship
: the story we tell is one that we favor
Partisanship is not so much about identifying facts as it is about
interpreting their meanings; all thought is partisan
o
Theories are Problematic
Problematic
: our account asks more questions than it can answer,
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and the answers it does provide are based on what is currently
known rather than on all that could be known
This encourages us to ask more questions and to invite others into
the dialogue; it urges us to ask for the input of others who may hold
different perspectives
C. Classical Management Approaches
o
Classical Management
: approaches are represented by a collection of
theories that share the underlying metaphor of organizations modeled
after efficient machines
o
From Empire to Hierarchy
18
th
– early 20
th
century, organizations functioned much like
empires: corporations = viewed as extensions of governments
(expanded trade, provided employment for the masses, and
contributed to economic and social development)
Today
still see close relationship between homes and factories

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- Spring '07
- SANEA
- Management, Organizational Communication, The Wealth of Nations, classical management
-
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