Chapter 4 Study GuideThe following is fair game on your exam:1.Introduction to Cells: Cells are the smallest living component in the human body and formour structures.4.1a--This information is helpful when you view images of tissues in lab.Youwill not be tested on 4.1a information. (pp. 103–106)Define cytosoli.Intracellular fluid or cytoplasmic matrix – viscous fluid in the cytoplasm,ii.Organelle – little organs that are organized structures with functionsiii., and inclusion. – clusters/ aggregates of a single type of moleculeDescribe the 3 general cell functions.i.Maintain the integrity and shape of the cellii.Obtain nutrients and form chemical building blocksiii.Dispose of waste2.Chemical Structure of the Plasma Membrane: The plasma membrane is a fluid membranecomposed of lipids and proteins. It regulates the movement of most substances both into andout of a cell. (pp. 106–109)You will not be tested on 4.2abut if this is new material, youshould read it to help you better understand membrane proteins and the functions of theplasma membrane.Describe integral and peripheral proteins.i.Integral – embedded within, and extend across the bilayerii.Peripheral – attached loosely either in or outside the cellReview the roles of proteins and glycoproteins associated with the plasmamembrane. – a integral protein that have carbs exposed to the interstitual fluid3.Membrane Transport: Substances are moves into or out of a cell by membrane transport. (pp.109–121)Explain active and passive transport.Complete the following table, describing each transport type in YOUR OWNWORDS. Know Figure 4.7 on p. 108.Type of Membrane TransportHow it Works and What it MovesSimple DiffusionSmall and nonpolar – down the concentrationgradient – gases, urea, non polar FAsOsmosisPassive movement of waterFacilitated DiffusionCharged or polar assisted by plasma membraneproteinsActive TransportRequires energy against the concentration gradientVesicularTransportEndocytosisMaterial brought into cell as vesicle is formedReceptor-Mediated EndocytosisRequires a receptorPhagocytosisCellular eatingPinocytosisCellular drinkingExocytosisVesicular contents released out of cell
