Psychology Final Review!!!
08/12/2007 20:35:00
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A syndrome is considered a mental disorder if:
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1) it involves a clinically significant detriment: distress of impairment of
functioning.; must be serious enough to warrant professional treatment.
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2) it derives from an internal source—in the person’s biology, mental structure
or learned habits.
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3) it is not subject to voluntary control.
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-decision of who or what is or is not a mental disorder represent human judgments and
social values and pragmatic concerns of those doing the judging.
Diagnostic systems can be reliable without being valid.
-diagnostic labels to disorders only: “John has schizophrenia” vs. “John is
schizophrenic”
-Culture bound disorders:
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taijin kyofusho: common in japan but nowhere else: incapacitating fear that
one will offend or harm others through awkward social behavior or imagined
physical defect.
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Anorexia: prevalent mostly in western societies.
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ADHD: involve deficits in the prefrontal lobes of cortex
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1: predominantly inattentive type: lack of attention to instructions, failure to
concentrate on school work
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2: predominantly hyperactive-impulsive: fidgeting, talking excessively
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3: combined type: both sets of symptoms
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methylphenidate: increases the activity f dopamine and norepinephrine, boost
neural activity in prefrontal cortex
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Phobias:
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social: fear of being scrutinized by others
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specific: being afraid of object or situations
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classical psychodynamic theory: phobia object as a symbol to early
experience and unresolved unconscious conflict.
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Conditioning: phobia as a result of traumatic avoidance
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Biological: “preparedness” for fear learning of specific things and conditions
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Brain: heritable individual differences in limbic and autonomic nervous
system.
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OCD: to meet DSM criteria, obsessions/compulsions must consume at least one
hour per day.
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Linked to observable brain abnormalities in portions of frontal lobes of cortex
and parts of limbic system and basal ganglia (work together to control
voluntary actions)
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CAUSES of mental disorders:
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Predisposing factors: make people susceptible to disorder. Inherited
characteristic that affect brain—can also arise from damaging encode on
brain before birth, such as poisons, birth difficulties, and viruses/bacteria.
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Precipitating causes: immediate events in a person’s life that can bring on a
disorder.

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- Fall '07
- Madigan
- Psychology, Schizophrenia, major depression, Schizophrenia risk increases
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