Final Review - Chapter 1 List six different property...

Chapter 1
- List six different property classifications of materials that determine their
applicability.
Mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative
- Cite the four components that are involved in the design, production and
utilization of materials, and briefly describe the interrelationships between these
components.
The four components are Processing -> Structure -> Properties -> Performance
and they have a linear relationship as shown.
- Cite three criteria that are important in the materials selection process.
1. The in-service conditions the material will be subjected to.
2. The possible deterioration of material properties that may occur during service
operation.
3. The economics of the material.
- List the three primary classifications of solid materials, and then cite the
distinctive chemical feature of each. Also, Note the other three types of materials
and, for each, its distinctive features.
Metals – good conductors of heat and electricity also strong but deformable
Ceramics – insulative to heat and electricity, resistant to high temps, strong but
brittle
Polymers – large molecular structures, low densities and extremely flexible
Composites – consist of more than one material, takes good properties from both
Semiconductors – have electrical properties intermediate between conductors and
insulators.
Biomaterials – materials intended to be implanted into the body
- Briefly define smart material/system. Explain the concept of nanotechnology as it
applies to materials.
Smart materials are materials that are able to sense changes in the environment
and adapt to those changes automatically. Nanotechnology can allow the
development of new materials by designing a material on the atomic level.
Chapter 2
- Name the two atomic models and their differences.
The Bohr atomic model and the wave-mechanical model. Instead of discrete
orbitals as in the Bohr model, the wave model gives a probability of an electron
being in a certain position(electron cloud).
- Describe the important quantum-mechanical principle that relates to electron
energies.
The Pauli exclusion principle states that each electron state can hold no more than
two electrons, which must have opposite spins.

- Briefly describe ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen, and van der Waals bonds.
Which materials exhibit each of these bonding types.
Ionic bonding – atoms of a metallic element easily give up their electrons to the
nonmetallic atoms, all the atoms acquire a stable or inert gas configuration, and
they become electrically charged. Happens b/w metallic and nonmetallic
elements. Ionic materials are hard and brittle and electrically and thermally
insulative.
Covalent Bonding – stable electron configurations are assumed by the sharing of
electrons b/w adjacent atoms. Two atoms that are covalently bonded will each
contribute at least one electron to the bond. Usually between to nonmetallic
elements.