PPT_Chapter_28s.ppt - Chapter 28 Medications Copyright 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams Wilkins Drug Nomenclature Chemical name

PPT_Chapter_28s.ppt - Chapter 28 Medications Copyright 2011...

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Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 28 Medications Chapter 28 Medications
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Drug Nomenclature Drug Nomenclature • Chemical name: identifies drug’ s atomic and molecular structure • Generic name: assigned by the manufacturer that first develops the drug • Official name: name by which the drug is identified in official publications United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) • Trade name: brand name copyrighted by the company that sells the drug
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Drug Preparations Drug Preparations • Oral – Capsule, pill, tablet, extended release, elixir, suspension, syrup • Topical – Liniment, lotion, ointment, suppository, transdermal patch • Injectable
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved QuestionQuestionWhich type of drug preparation is a medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor? A. ElixirB. SuspensionC. SolutionD. Syrup
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved AnswerAnswerAnswer: A. ElixirRationale: An elixir is a medication in a clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, and flavor. A suspension contains finely divided, undissolved particles in a liquid medium. A solution is a drug dissolved in another substance. A syrup is medication combined in a water and sugar solution.
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Drug Classifications Drug Classifications • Effect on body system • Chemical composition • Clinical indication or therapeutic action
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Body on Drug) Pharmacokinetics (Effect of Body on Drug) • Absorption • Distribution • Metabolism • Excretion
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Factors Affecting Absorption of Medications Factors Affecting Absorption of Medications • Route of administration • Lipid solubility • pH • Blood flow • Local conditions at the site of administration • Drug dosage
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Pharmacodynamics Pharmacodynamics • Pharmacodynamics is the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body. • Drugs turn on, turn off, promote, or block responses that are part of the body’ s processes. • Drug–receptor interaction occurs when the drug interacts with one or more cellular structures to alter cell function. • Drugs may also combine with other molecules in the body to achieve their effect. • Other drugs act on the cell membrane or alter the cellular environment to achieve their effect.
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Adverse Drug Effects Adverse Drug Effects • Allergic effects: anaphylactic reaction • Drug tolerance • Toxic effect • Idiosyncratic effect • Drug interactions: antagonistic and synergistic effects
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved Factors Affecting Drug Action Factors Affecting Drug Action • Developmental considerations • Weight • Gender • Genetic and cultural factors • Psychological factors • Pathology • Environment • Timing of administration
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