Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Clinical
Pharmacology
Chapter 8
Antibacterial Drugs That
Interfere With Protein Synthesis
Introduction to Clinical
Pharmacology
Chapter 8
Antibacterial Drugs That
Interfere With Protein Synthesis
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
•
Anti-infectives composed of natural and
semisynthetic compounds
•
Actions: Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
•
Used as broad-spectrum antibiotic when
penicillin is contraindicated
•
Treat the following infections: Rickettsial
diseases; intestinal amebiasis; skin and soft
tissue infections; uncomplicated urethral,
endocervical, or rectal infections; adjunctive
treatment; and infection with
Helicobacter pylori
Tetracyclines
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
•
Gastrointestinal/other body system reactions:
–
Nausea and/or vomiting
–
Diarrhea
–
Epigastric distress
–
Stomatitis
–
Sore throat
–
Skin rashes
–
Photosensitivity reaction
Tetracyclines: Adverse Reactions
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
•
Contraindicated in patients:
–
With hypersensitivity; during pregnancy,
lactation; children younger than 9 years
•
Nursing alert:
–
Not given to children younger than 9 years
of age
–
Prolonged therapy: Bacterial/fungal
overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms
Tetracyclines: Contraindications
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
•
Used cautiously in patients with:
–
Impaired renal function
–
Liver impairment
•
Chronic care alert:
–
May increase the risk of digitalis toxicity in
patients who take digitalis drugs for heart
disease
Tetracyclines: Precautions
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Tetracyclines: Interactions
Interacting drug
Effect of interaction
Antacids containing
aluminum, zinc,
magnesium, or bismuth
salts
Decreases
effectiveness of
tetracyclines
Oral anticoagulants
Increases risk for
bleeding
Oral contraceptives
Decreases
effectiveness of
contraceptive agent
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Tetracyclines: Interactions (cont.)
Interacting drug
Effect of interaction
Digoxin
Increases the risk
for digitalis toxicity
Calcium-rich foods
Causes potentially
impaired absorption
of tetracycline
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Aminoglycosides: Actions and Uses
Aminoglycosides: Actions and Uses
•
Blocks step in protein synthesis necessary for
bacterial multiplication
•
Used against gram-negative microorganisms
•
Bowel preparation
•
Hepatic coma
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Aminoglycosides: Adverse Reactions
Aminoglycosides: Adverse Reactions
•
Nausea
•
Vomiting
•
Anorexia
•
Rash
•
Urticaria
•
Nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance)
•
Ototoxicity (damage to the hearing organs by a toxic
substance)
•
Neurotoxicity (damage to the nervous system by a toxic
substance)
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