Chapter 1 class (1).pptx - Chapter 1 Definitions History and Development of Community Corrections Community Corrections 3 All non-incarcerating

Chapter 1 Definitions, History, and Development of Community Corrections

Community Corrections  All non-incarcerating correctional sanctions imposed upon an offender for the purposes of reintegrating that offender within the community 3

Alternatives Provided by Community Corrections  Front-End  Probation  Back-End  Parole  The purpose of each is to ease crowding in prison 4

Early Alternative Sanctions: Sanctuary  Secular based: self-selected banishment  Regions would have designated cities where those accused could live to escape punishment  Religious based: Refuge until negotiation could be arranged  Designed for members of the clergy (priests, nuns, monks etc)  Biblical references to sanctuary 5

Early Alternative: Benefit of Clergy  Originally implemented for members of various churches.  Church’s attempt to thwart the authoritative efforts of King Henry II.  Power struggle between the king and the Holy Roman Catholic Church in England  Religious beliefs controlled behavior when the king could not 6

Early Alternative: Benefit of Clergy  By the 14th century, it had been made available to all who were literate.  Literate people were wealthier while the illiterate were poor and vulnerable to a harsh sentencing structure  Required that the offender read the text of Psalm 51 out loud. 7