Chapter 14 Outline: The Civil War, 1861-1965 The War Begins Fort Sumter 1.Use of Executive Powera.Called for 75,000 volunteers to put down “insurrection” in Confederacy b.Authorized spending for a warc.Suspended privilege of writ of habeas corpus d.Actions were taken “as indispensable to the public safety” Use of the Executive Power Secession of the Deep South 1.Before Sumter, 7 states of Deep South had seceded a.Then Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, & Arkansas Keeping the Border State 1.Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, & Kentucky not join Confederacy due to Union sentiment a.Maryland-- pro-secessionists attacked Union troops & threatened railroad to Washington b.Mississippi-- U.S. troops prevented pro-south elements in state from gaining control c.Kentucky-- states legis. Voted to remain neutral Wartime Advantages Military 1.Confederacy:a.Only having to fight defensive war to win b.Had to move troops & supplies shorter distances c.Had long, indented coastline that was difficult to blockade d.Experienced leaders & high morale troops 2.Union: a.Had to conquer area as large as western Europeb.Population -- enhanced through 800,000 immigrantsc.Emancipation brought 180,000 African Americans into union army Economic 1.Dominated by union a.Controlled most of banking & capital of country, more than 85% of factories, 70+% of railroads, & 65% of farmland 2.Skills of clerks & bookkeepers proved valuable in logistical support of military operations 3.Confederates hoped Euro demence for cotton would bring financial aid Political 1.Confederates struggling for independencea.In order to win war, confederates needed strong central govt w/ strongpublic support b.Hoped people of union would turn against Lincoln & Republicans and quit war cause too costly 2.Union fighting to preserve Union a.Had well-established central govt w/ experienced politicians w/ strong popular base The Confederates States of America 1
