Final Exam The exam will consist of multiple choice, true/false, definitions, and paragraph-length essays. To do well you need to have a solid understanding of what we've read and discussed. Don't neglect the guiding questions, highlighted points, your notes, key passages from the text, etc. Important Terms/Concepts : - philosophy (what is it?) “a : pursuit of wisdom b : a search for a general understanding of values and reality by chiefly speculative rather than observational means c : an analysis of the grounds of and concepts expressing fundamental beliefs” –merriam- webster dictionary - rhetoric/oratory one addressing many, no interruptions (no interaction) - dialectic Philosophical technique invented by Socrates One who claims to know about a topic (interlocutor) is asked questions about it by another (Socrates, usually) Meant to hone in on inconsistencies in the beliefs of the interlocutor, if they exist (disadvantage to interlocutor by playing by the others’ rules) One on one, more personal, leads to “the truth” - Eudaimonia The goal of human thought and action Happiness/human flourishing True form of happiness- valuable by itself  - Stoicism “virtue is sufficient for happiness” Attain virtue- through studying - The muses from theConsolation of Philosophy Supposed to look after poets/inspire poetic genius Aid Boethius as he writes sad poetry  - Fortune (what is it?)

Changes, not required for happiness All the good/evil that can happen to people with no warning Do not trust/rely on  - Lady Philosophy (what does she represent?) Human form of all of Philosophy  - The conditions for successful human action (power and will)  - free will and its connection to human reason/rationality  - The pear tree episode in Augustine’s Confessions Steal a pear for the sake of it- to be bad, no real reason Somewhat peer-pressured, do it to fit in with friends- “find love” - Dialectic(Nietzsche's understanding of it)  - Thucydides Nietzsche likes, strong/healthy, better than German culture Cure for Platonism (Plato is a coward in the face of reality- consequently he flees into the ideal; Thucydides has himself under control- consequently he retains control over things) Courage in the face of reality, self control, control over things - Dionysus Ancient Greek god- “god of many forms” Celebrate “tragic disposition” - The concept of "anti-Christ”  Possible Essay Questions: - What is a craft, and what two conditions must be met in order for something to be a craft? How does this help us understand why oratory/rhetoric is not a craft?

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Oratory/rhetoric is a knack/flattery: could be for good or bad, lacks knowledge oSoul: craftjustice, knackoratory oTherefore oratory should focus on justice, not rhetoric