Lecture 1: Chemistry of Food Carbohydrates
Lesson 3
1.
Carbohydrate structure & 2 types of carbohydrates
-Made of carbon and hydrogen, they are organic.
-Carbohydrate-rich foods (whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables)
- provide lots of energy 4 cal/g
-contain vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochmicals
2 types
1) Simple Carbohydrates=sugars
2) Complex polysaccharides (starch, dietary fiber)
2.
Simple sugars: monosaccharides and disaccharides
-Monosaccharides- consist of a single sugar molecule
-Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
-Dissacharides- consist of two sugar molecules
-Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose
-ose ending means simple sugar
3.
Monosacchride structure and examples
-All monosaccharides have same formula C
6
H
12
O
6
-Hexose Sugars have 6 sides
-Glucose- most abundant simple sugar in nature
- primary source of fuel in body
-doesn’t usually exist as monosaccharide
-Galactose OH up
1
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Lecture 1: Chemistry of Food Carbohydrates
Lesson 3
-Pentose Sugars have 5 sides
-eg Fructose- occurs naturally in fruit and vegetable, used as a sweetener.
4.
Disaccharide structure and examples- consist as 2 monosaccharides linked together
Sucrose= Glucose+Fructose (table sugar) Beta 1,5 linkage
Lactose=Glucose+Galactose (milk sugar) Beta 1,4 linkage
Maltose=Glucose+Glucose (starch breakdown) alpha-1,4 linkage
5.
Complex carbohydrates- polysaccharides are chains of 2 or more simple sugar molecules.
Repeating monosaccharide units make up the structure.
2 Types of Complex carbs
1) Startch- found in grains, legumes, tubers
-composed of entirely glucose units
-takes two forms.
i) Amylose- straight chains of glucose, alpha 1,4 bonds
ii) Amylopectin- branched chains of glucose
- Almost all starch is digestible except Resistant Starch
- which is found

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- Spring '08
- INGRAHAM
- Glucose, Carbohydrate, Disaccharide, Sucrose
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