Table of contents
1. Laboratory Introduction------------------------------------------------2
2. Operation Analysis-Flow Process Chart-----------------------------5
3. Activity Chart (Right/Left Hand Activity Chart)-----------------12
4. String Diagram ----------------------------------------------------------16
5. Motion Study (Therbligs Technique)-------------------------------20
6. Direct Time Study Method--------------------------------------------25
7. Work Sampling Measurement Method---------------------------30
8. Learning Curves Theory-----------------------------------------------38
1

1. Laboratory Introduction
1.1 Introduction
This laboratory class aims to provide students with a general knowledge of
work study and methods engineering. Also, the laboratory session is an
introductory laboratory in which students obtain general knowledge of human
factor engineering as well as the nature of experiments and laboratory
exercises that are covered throughout the semester. Safety instructions that
must be followed during each laboratory session will be explained and
discussed with students.
Work is an activity in which one exerts physical and mental effort to accomplish
a given task or perform a duty. In fact, work study or methods engineering
refers to the analysis and design of work methods, including the tooling,
equipment, workplace layout, human activity, and environment. Work study
aims to analyse a task’s contents to determine the time that should be allowed
for a qualified worker to perform the task. Generally, there are several
engineering methods to analyse task contents as well as different charts and
diagrams to measure task time.
Main objectives in methods engineering or work studyare:
Increase productivity and efficiency
Reduce cycle time
Reduce product cost
Reduce labour content
Generally, there are six main steps to accomplish methods engineering or
work study:
1.
Define the problem and objectives
2.
Analyse the problem
3.
Formulate alternatives
4.
Evaluate alternatives and select the best solution
2

5.
Implement the best method
6.
Audit the study (review the success of the method)
In general, there are four main types of charts and diagrams that are used to
analyse the task and operations:
-
Operation chart:
Graphical and symbolic representation of the
operations used to produce a product.
-
Process chart:
Graphical and symbolic representation of the processing
activities performed on something or by somebody. It includes a flow
process chart, a worker process chart, and a form process chart.
-
Flow diagram:
represents the drawing of the facility layout with the
addition of lines that represent the movement of materials or workers
within the facility.
-
Activity chart:
A listing of the activities of one or more subjects (e.g.,
workers, machines) plotted against a time scale to indicate graphically
how much time is spent on each activity
These charts and diagrams are commonly used to analyse existing operations,
sequences of operations, or other work activities to make improvements.
The main objectives of charting and diagramming techniques are:
•
Reduce cycle time
•
Eliminate unnecessary steps in an operation
•
Mitigate safety hazards
•
Improve product quality
•
Propose new way to complete the operation or design new operations
1.2 Objectives


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- Managment, Industrial Engineering, Left-handedness, Hour, Greenwich Mean Time, Quality Engineering