•
Strings
Outline
•
Introduction to string
–
Declaration
–
Initialization
•
Reading and writing strings
–
functions of the standard input/output library
(stdio.h)
•
Processing of strings.
–
String Manipulation Functions from the String
Handling Library
•
Comparing strings
–
Determining the length of string
Introduction
•
Use of C standard library functions for strings
and characters:
–
Easy string and character processing
–
Programs can process characters, strings, lines of
text, and blocks of memory
•
These techniques are used to make
–
Word processors
–
Page layout software
–
Typesetting programs
Fundamentals of characters
•
Characters
–
Building blocks of programs
•
Every program is a sequence of meaningfully grouped
characters
–
Character constant
•
An int value represented as a character in single quotes
•
'z' represents the integer value of z (122 ASCII value).
Fundamentals of strings
•
Strings
–
Array of characters treated as a single unit called
string:
•
Can include
letters
,
digits
and
special characters
(*, /,
$)
–
String literal (string constant) - written in
double
quotes
•
“Lovely Professional University."
Fundamentals of strings
•
Strings are arrays of characters
–
String is a
pointer
to first character (like array)
–
Value of string is the
address
of first character
•
Each element of the string is stored in a
contiguous
memory locations.
•
Terminated by a
null character
(‘\0’) which is
automatically inserted by the compiler to
indicate the
end of string
.
String Definition
•
They are defined as
char array_name[size];
e.g. char carname[30];
or
char *carname;
•
It defines an array name and reserves 30 bytes
for storing characters and single character
consumes 1 bytes each.
•
Since the last byte is used for storing null
character so total number of character specified
by the user cannot exceed
29
.
String Initialization
•
String Initialization
–
Two ways:
–
Define as a character array or a variable of type
char *
char color[] = "blue"; //char array
Or
char color[] = { 'b', 'l', 'u', 'e', '\0' };
char *colorPtr = "blue"; //pointer variable
–
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- Fall '19
- ASCII, char array
