Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Clinical
Pharmacology
Chapter 7
Antibacterial Drugs That Disrupt
the Bacterial Cell Wall
Introduction to Clinical
Pharmacology
Chapter 7
Antibacterial Drugs That Disrupt
the Bacterial Cell Wall
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Group of antibiotics for treatment of
susceptible pathogens
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Actions: Cell wall synthesis; DNA or RNA
synthesis; protein synthesis
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There are four groups of penicillins: (1)
natural penicillins, (2) penicillinase-resistant
penicillins, (3) aminopenicillins, and (4)
extended-spectrum penicillins
Introduction to Penicillins
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Receive culture and sensitivity report
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Select antibiotic to which the microorganism
is sensitive
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To minimize risk of bacteriostatic activity,
ensure adequate blood level of penicillin in
the body
Identifying the Appropriate Penicillin:
Sensitivity and Resistance
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Used against infectious diseases
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Used as initial therapy for any suspected
staphylococcal infection
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Prescribed as prophylaxis
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Potential secondary bacterial infection
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Potential infection in high-risk patients
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On a continuing basis to those with
rheumatic fever or chronic ear infections
Uses
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Drug resistance becomes an issue when:
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Antibiotics are regularly used by a patient
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A group of people live in close proximity
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Bacteria: Naturally resistant or acquired
resistance to drug, such as MRSA
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Emergence of a new resistance associated
with bacteria that have both a natural and an
acquired resistance ability
Resistance to Drugs
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Gastrointestinal reactions
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Hypersensitivity reactions
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Anaphylactic shock
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Cross-sensitivity/cross-allergenicity
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Superinfections: Bacterial; fungal
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Hematopoietic changes
Adverse Reactions
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Contraindicated in patients with history
of hypersensitivity to penicillin or the
cephalosporins
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Use cautiously in patients with renal disease,
asthma, bleeding disorders, gastrointestinal
disease, pregnancy or lactation, history of
allergies
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Reason for caution: Any indication of
sensitivity
Contraindications and Precautions
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Interactions
Interactant drug
Effect of interaction with penicillin
Oral
contraceptives
Decreased effectiveness
Tetracyclines
Decreased effectiveness
Anticoagulants
Increase bleeding risks
Beta-adrenergic
blocking drugs
May increase the risk for an
anaphylactic reaction
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Introduction to Cephalosporins
Introduction to Cephalosporins
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Effective in the treatment of all strains of
