23 Cooperation and Conflict - Cooperation and Conflict...

Cooperation and Conflict

International Cooperation: The Case of
Global Warming
•
1992: Rio Agreement; No
Binding Targets
•
1995: Berlin: Binding
Targets, But LDCs Exempted
•
1996: Clinton Administration
Changes Policy, Endorses
Enforceable Emission Cap
•
1997: Kyoto Protocol:
Industrialized Countries Cut
Emissions by 5.2% Below
1990 Levels by 2008-12
•
2000: Hague Summit: Translate
Kyoto Protocol Into
Enforceable Treaty. The
Summit Fails.
•
March 2001: Bush Announces
U.S. Will Not Move Forward
with Kyoto.
•
November 2001: 178
Countries Reach Final
Agreement in Marrakesh.

Stuck in Neutral…running out of
gas?
•
Before the agreement can take effect, it must be
ratified by enough nations to account for 55% of
1990 emissions.
•
120 countries have ratified it. (67% of the
countries that signed in 2001)
•
BUT…both the United States and Russia backed
out.
•
US represents 36.1% of 1990 emissions, Russia
represents 17.4%.
•
Russia out in part because the US is out.

Not Dead Yet? Let’s make a deal.