Nervous System IVThe Autonomic Nervous SystemAnatomy and Physiology I1
General Lecture Outline•Autonomic Nervous System description andcharacteristics•Efferent pathways and their neurotransmitters•Visceral Reflexes•Referred Pain•Receptors for Neurotransmitters•Effects of Drugs•Autonomic divisions and characteristics•Hypothalamic control2
Nervous SystemFunctions1. Sensory input2. Integration of information3. Motor output4. Maintaining Homeostasis5. Establishing and maintaining mental activity3
Autonomic Nervous System(ANS)•TheANS consists of motor neurons that:
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Autonomic Nervous System•Controlled unconciously•Composed of theSympathetic andSympathetic andParasympathetic branchesParasympathetic branches–Sympathetic System– prepares the individualfor physical activity (Fight or Flight)–Parasympathetic System– activates functionsof the body at rest (digestion)5
Autonomic Nervous System(ANS)•Other names–Involuntary nervous system: We cannot contol–General visceral motor system6
Central nervous system (CNS)Peripheral nervous system (PNS)Motor (efferent) divisionSensory (afferent)divisionSomatic nervoussystemSympatheticdivisionParasympatheticdivisionFigure 14.17
Overview of thenervous system8
Divisions of the Nervous SystemCentral nervous systemA. BrainB. Spinal cordPeripheral nervous system:all nervous tissue outside the CNSA. SensoryB. Motora. Somaticb. Autonomic-Sympathetic-ParasympatheticBrainSpinalcordCranialnervesSpinalnerves9
Somatic and AutonomicNervous Systems•The two systems differ in–Effectors(Somatic-Skeletal) (Auto-Cardiac/Smooth)–Efferent pathways (and theirneurotransmitters)–Target organ responses to neurotransmitters–Acetocholine for Somatic–Norepinephrine for Autonomin or acetocholine10
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Divisions of the Nervous SystemCentral nervous systemA. BrainB. Spinal cordPeripheral nervous system:all nervous tissue outside the CNSA. SensoryB. Motora. Somaticb. Autonomic-Sympathetic-ParasympatheticBrainSpinalcordCranialnervesSpinalnerves12
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Neurotransmitter Effects14
Skeletal musclePeripheral nervous systemEffect++EffectororgansAChAChSmooth muscle(e.g., in gut),glands, cardiacmuscleGanglionAdrenal medullaBlood vesselAChAChAChNEEpinephrine andnorepinephrineAcetylcholine (ACh)Norepinephrine (NE)GanglionHeavily myelinated axonLightly myelinatedpreganglionic axonLightly myelinatedpreganglionic axonsNeuro-transmitterat effectorUnmyelinatedpostganglionicaxonUnmyelinatedpostganglionic axonStimulatoryStimulatoryor inhibitory,dependingon neuro-transmitterandreceptorson effectororgansSingle neuron from CNS to effector organsTwo-neuron chain from CNS to effector organsSOMATICNERVOUSSYSTEMAUTONOMICNERVOUS SYSTEMPARASYMPATHETICSYMPATHETICFigure 14.215
Divisions of the ANS16
Divisions of the Nervous System
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