Chapter 14The Secession CrisisThe Withdrawal of the South1.The Confederate States :SC, MS, FL, Alabama, Louisiana and TX.2.Fort Sumter was garrisonedby a small force underMajor Robert Anderson.3.SC sent commissioner to Washington to ask for the surrender of Sumter, but Buchanan refused toyield.The Failure of Compromise1.Senator John J. Crittenden of Kentucky submitted a Compromise.2.Crittenden Compromise:guaranteed the permanent existence of slavery in slave states andreestablish the Missouri Compromise.3.Republicans rejected bc it = expansion of slavery.Fort Sumter1.The Confederate leaders orderedGeneral P.G.T Beauregard to take Sumter2.Anderson refused to surrender→ the Confederates bombarded it for two days→3.4 new states seceded from the Union: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina4.Maryland, Delaware,Kentucky, and Missouri remained.The Opposing Sides1.The North had more material, population and much greater manpower for its armies and its workforce + better transportation.2.South had the advantage of local support and familiarity with the territory and dependence of theEnglish and the French textile industry on American cotton = require them to intervene on theside of the Confederacy.The Mobilization of the NorthEconomic Measures1.The Homestead Act of 1862 permitted citizens to claim 160 acres of public land & to purchase itfor a small fee living on it for 5 yrs.2.The Morrill Land Act- transferred sub public acreage to the state govt.3.Congress completed the transcontinental railroad.4.Created the Union Pacific Railroad Company which was to build westward from Omaha and theCentral Pacific which was to build eastward from California.5.The National Bank Acts of 1863-18634 other banks could join6.Enough capital and inv⅓ of it in govt securities → could issue U.S Treasury notes as $7.The govt tried to finance the war itself by levying taxes, issuing paper $, and borrowing.Raising the Union Armies1.By March 1863, Congress was forced to pass a national draft law.2.A man could escape service by hiring someone to go in his place/ paying the govt a fee of $300.Wartime Politics1.Lincoln ignored inconvenient parts of the Constitution.2.Sent troops w/o asking Congress for a dec of war.3.Increased reg army w/o receiving legislative authority.4.Unilaterally proclaimed a naval blockade of the South.5.Ordered military arrests of civilian disentería and suspended the right of habeas corpus.
6.In 1862, he proclaimed that all persons who discouraged enlistment or engaged in disloyalpractices were subject to martial law.The Politics of Emancipation1.Confiscation Act (1861)- Dec that all slaves used for “insurrectionary” purposes would beconsidered freed.2.2nd one Dec that free the slaves of persons aiding and supporting the insurrection and authorizedthe president to employ A.A.
Want to read all 7 pages?
Previewing 3 of 7 pages Upload your study docs or become a member.
Want to read all 7 pages?
Previewing 3 of 7 pages Upload your study docs or become a member.
End of preview
Want to read all 7 pages? Upload your study docs or become a member.