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PANTONE 123 CV EMPOWERING PRODUCTIVITY FOR THE JAVA DEVELOPER Dear Reader, Pro Struts Applications Jeff Linwood and Dave Minter
Dave Minter APRESS JAVA ROADMAP
Beginning
J2EE 1.4
Beginning
Java Objects Enterprise Java
Development on a Budget
Beginning
JSP 2 Building
Portals with the
Java Portlet API with the Jeff Linwood, co-author of How do you bring your existing applications into the portal? How do you integrate your content management system and search engine with the portal?
How do you get started with the portlet API? We show you how to solve real
problems, like the ones we have seen as consultants and software developers.
We cover the portlet API in depth, explaining the concepts and classes with
example scenarios and code. When you are comfortable with the portlet API,
we examine portal integration techniques, Single Sign-On, content management, charting, personalization, application and content syndication, and
searching.
We believe that with the remarkable cooperation in unifying the portlet API
across many different vendors, using standards for portals is now the best
choice. Our examples will therefore run on any portal that supports the portlet
API. We avoid proprietary tools, instead showing how to incorporate several
open source software projects into your portlets, including XDoclet, Apache
Jakarta Lucene, and JFreeChart.
Our backgrounds as developers and consultants lead us to look for books
that concentrate on solving real problems with new technologies, not just
explaining their details. We hope that this book will help you to solve problems
using the portlet API. Building Portals
Java
Portlet
API Building Portals with the Java Portlet API THE EXPERT’S VOICE ® IN JAVA Includes
Includes Pluto, Lucene,
and
and XDoclet Building Portals with the
Java Portlet API
Learn how to create portlet applications, integrate existing web
applications, and incorporate XDoclet, Apache Jakarta Lucene,
JFreeChart, and other open source projects Join online discussions: forums.apress.com SOURCE CODE ONLINE FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS ™ ISBN 1-59059-284-0
54999
US $49.99 Linwood
and Minter Jeff Linwood
and Dave Minter
Foreword by Ian Griffiths Shelve in
Java
User level:
Intermediate–Advanced 6 89253 15840 1 9 781590 592847 this print for content only—size & color not accurate spine = 0.790" 416 page count Praise for Building Portals with the Java Portlet API :
“The book gives a solid introduction to developing a portal . . .
Clearly the authors understand portal development and know how
to pass that information on to their readers.”
—Thomas Paul, JavaRanch ( ) “The text is well written and easy to read; graphics and illustrations
are used sparingly and to great effect.”
— Jack Herrington, Code Generation Network ( ) 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page i Building Portals with
the Java Portlet API
JEFF LINWOOD, DAVE MINTER 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page ii Building Portals with the Java Portlet API
Copyright © 2004 by Jeff Linwood, Dave Minter
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section. 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page iii Contents at a Glance
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction to Portals and Portlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2 Portlet Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 3 The Portlet Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 4 Portlet Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Chapter 5 Using Servlets and JavaServer Pages
with Portlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Chapter 6 Packaging and Deployment Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Chapter 7 Portal and Portlet Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Chapter 8 Security and Single Sign-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Chapter 9 RSS and Syndication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Chapter 10 Integrating the Lucene Search Engine . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Chapter 11 Personalization and User Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Chapter 12 Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP)
and Application Syndication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 Chapter 13 Exposing an Existing Application As
a Portlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Chapter 14 Charting with JFreeChart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Chapter 15 Content Management Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 iii 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page iv 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page v Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiv
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii Chapter 1 Introduction to Portals and Portlets .....1 Providing a Solution with Portals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Designing the Portal’s Information Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Portal Application Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Building Portlets with the Portlet API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Providing Technical Solutions with Portals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Security and Single Sign-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Content Syndication and RSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Searching Content from the Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Portals and Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Integrating Existing Applications into the Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Using Charts in the Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Content Management and Portlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Chapter 2 Portlet Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 First Portlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Building the Portlet Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Deploying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Portlet Programming 101 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
GenericPortlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Portlet Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Portlet Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Enhancing the Portlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Web.xml Deployment Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 v 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page vi Contents Packaging and Deploying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Chapter 3 The Portlet Life Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 The Portlet Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Creation of the Portlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Request Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Destroying the Portlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Threading Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Chapter 4 Portlet Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Portlet Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Render Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Action Request and File Uploading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Portlet Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Render Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Action Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Portlet Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Sessions and Interportlet Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Content Markup Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Portlet Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Window States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Style Sheets and the User Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Chapter 5 Using Servlets and JavaServer Pages
with Portlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Portlets, Servlets, and JSP Design Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Portlet Request Dispatcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Request and Response Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Session Management Between a Portlet and a Servlet
or JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Creating a Form in JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Using the Portlet JSP Tag Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
To-Do List Portlet Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
vi 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page vii Contents The web.xml Deployment Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Directory Structure of the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Complete Code Listing for the To-Do List Portlet . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Chapter 6 Packaging and Deployment
Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Portlet Application Packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Versioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Portlet Application Deployment Descriptor Structure . . . . . . . . . 160
Web Application Deployment Descriptor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
XDoclet Portlet Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Chapter 7 Portal and Portlet Configuration . . . . . . . . . 185 Using the PortalContext to Retrieve Information
About the Portal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Using the PortletConfig Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Using Portlet Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Chapter 8 Security and Single Sign-On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Portlet Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238 Chapter 9 RSS and Syndication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Overview of RSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Walking Through an Example RSS File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
RSS Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Displaying Syndicated Information in Portlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Syndicating Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Chapter 10 Integrating the Lucene
Search Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Overview of Lucene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Downloading and Installing Lucene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
vii 2840chFM.qxd 7/13/04 12:43 PM Page viii Contents Lucene Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Building an Index with Lucene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Designing a Portlet to Search the Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Developing a Portlet for Lucene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Indexing Other Types of Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Lucene and Different Types of Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 Chapter 11 Personalization and User
Attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Making a Good Impression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Making Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 Chapter 12 Web Services for Remote Portlets
(WSRP) and Application Syndication . . . . . . 295
WSRP Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
WSRP and the Java Portlet API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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