Kas1Reviewer3.pdf - Sultanato form of barangay in Mindanao...

Sultanato - form of barangay in Mindanao;
specifically for Muslims
ISLAM
- Peace
- Submission to one god
- Second biggest world religion
(Indonesia: most Muslims)
- MUSLIM : individual believer
- UMMAH : community of believers
- Divided into Sunni Muslims and Shia
Muslims
- MOHAMMED/MUHAMMAD - 25th
prophet; founder of Islam in Mecca
1. Sunni - Abu Bakr (successor;
father-in-law of Mohammed)
2. Shia - Ali (believed to be the chosen
successor of Mohammed) - Iran
- S-l-m : means peace
- Islam - MONOTHEISTIC (before
Islam, Mecca was polytheistic)
- ABRAHAMIC (Ibrahim - prophet)
- 610 AD - Angel Jibril visited
Mohammed
● Quran - holy scripture (from
Allah)
● Hadith - teachings of
Mohammed
- Caliphs: successors of Mohammed
- Sharia Law - based on Quran; union
of religion and state; criticized as
primitive
- Before 622 AD - “jahiliyyah” : age of
ignorance
- 622 AD - “hijra” : migration of
Mohammed and followers from Mecca
to Medina (Yathrib); propagation of
Islam; creation of Ummah
Al-Arkan-Al-Islam: 5 Pillars of Islam
1. Shahada
● “Two testimonials”
● conversion/baptism
2. Salah
● “Worship”
● 5 times a day (originally 50
times a day; MIRAJ )
● Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib,Isha
● Prayer while facing Mecca - Al
Masjid Al Haram (the great
Mosque)
● Kaaba - black stone of Allah
● Cleansing before prayer
➔ Ghusl - full bath after
sex, menstruation, sin
➔ Wudu - partial bath
➔ Tayammum - sand
3. Saum
● “Fasting”
● Ramadan : 9th month of Hijri
● Eid al Fitr - end of Saum
● No pleasure in any form
● Time to reconcile with Allah
● Exempted: 7 yrs and below,
pregnant, sick, travellers
( fidyah : offer food)
4. Zakath
● “Charity”; “Almsgiving”
● Equality
● Religious tax (2.5% of income,
not always in the form of
money)
5. Hajj
● “Pilgrimage”
● Mecca (12th Month - Dhual
Hijjah)
● Not obligatory
● “Stoning of the devil”
● Hajji : honorific of males
● Hajjah : honorific of females

ISLAM IN THE PHILIPPINES - MINDANAO
- From SEA, 13th century: Merchants
and traders
- 1280 : Tuan Mashaika brought Islam
to the Philippines
- 1380 : Karim-ul Makdhum - people
were easily converted; little resistance
- 1405 :
1. Sulu Sultanate
● Sharif ul-Hashim ->
● Sayyid Abu Bakr (sultan of