DESCRIPTION.docx - IMAGE Image is the two dimensional...

IMAGE
Image is the two dimensional function represented as f(x, y), in which f is the amplitude and x
and y are spatial coordinates, it allows multiple algorithm to applied on input data and to avoid
troubles such as noise humiliation and signal deformation during processing.
Image= PSF
¿
Object Function + Noise
s = p * o + n
In digital image s is represented as mathematical representation having a functional model of the
scene , o is the object function , p is the point spread function (PSF) and n is the additive noise in
the image.
MEDICAL IMAGE
It defined as 2D or 3D function to envision and evaluate interior structure of body parts. Medical
imaging inquires to divulge interior structures unseen by the bones and skin, and also evaluate
abnormality and treat infection. Medical image data sets are represented as DICOM format.
DICOM FORMAT
The word Dicom stands for digital imaging and communications in medicine which is usual for
treatment, printing, transmitting and storing information in the medicinal imaging. Dicom files
can be switch among two entities which are the competent of patient data and receiving an image
in the Dicom format.
PROCESSING
Processing an image is a multifaceted task. Processing essentially includes subsequent major
steps Pre-processing and Post-processing. Pre-processing involves the noise diminution which is
filtration. Noises mostly diminish the eminence of an image it may be a salt and pepper noise or
Gaussian noise. Post-processing includes the thresholding, edge detection, and segmentation to
increase the excellence of an image and to preserve its edges of an image.
Enrichment of image has two areas Frequency and spatial domain. In Frequency domain,
mathematical function is analyzed on the basis of frequency whereas, in spatial domain operation
applied directly on pixels and spatial domain is more classified in two type one is linear and the
other one is non-linear filters. For processing an image it is important to remove any unwanted
information from the image. Detection of tumor consists of two main steps:
 Pre-Processing involves Filtering.
 Post-Processing involves Thresholding, Edge Detection and Segmentation.

PRE-PROCESSING
NOISE
Noise is the random variation and degradation which caused by external disturbance in the image
and spoils it eminence. There are different types of noises present in an image.
 Salt and Pepper noise
 Gaussian noise

Speckle noise

Periodic noise
Salt and pepper noise
Salt and pepper noise is also recognized as a impulse noise, it is caused by pointed and rapid
interruption in the image. As noise will decrease the accuracy of an image so it’s necessary to
abolish them by using suitable filters. In this noise randomly black and white pixels are
superimposed over the image. An abundant statistical assessment shows that salt and pepper
noise is the most common noise in medical images.