International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies
ISSN 2028-9324 Vol. 7 No. 2 Aug. 2014, pp. 634-640
© 2014 Innovative Space of Scientific Research Journals
Corresponding Author:
H. Elkhabbazi
634
Les effets indésirables cutanés des médicaments au Maroc : étude prospective
[ Cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Morocco: a prospective study ]
H. Elkhabbazi
1
, R. Benkirane
2
, A. Khadmoaui
1
, H. Sefiani
2
, A. Quyou
1
, A. Mokhtari
1
, A. Soulaymani
1
, and R. Soulaymani
2
1
Laboratoire de Génétique et Biométrie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Maroc
2
Centre Antipoison et de pharmacovigilance du Maroc à Rabat (CAPM), Maroc
Copyright © 2014 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License
,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A
BSTRACT
:
Cutaneous adverse reactions induced by drugs are common. They occur in 1 to 3% of drugs users.
The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of cutaneous adverse drug reactions, describe the clinical aspects of
these reactions and determine the scores of imputability relating the possible drug-effect relationship in Morocco.
This is a prospective study of cutaneous adverse drug reactions occurring in patients in El Idrissi hospital in Kenitra during the
period April 2012-April 2013. The analysis of cause-effect relationships between the drug and the occurrence of clinical and
paraclinical effects is conducted by the French causality assessment method with 7 scores from 0 to 6.
Among 5137 hospital admissions, 45 patients developed 53 cutaneous adverse drug reactions, which was 1.02%. The average
age of the patients was 35.39±0.53 years and the female-male ratio was 1.04%. More than a fifth (22%) of the patients
showed toxidermia during their hospitalization and 11% required a prolongation of their period of hospitalization. The beta-
lactam antibiotics were responsible for adverse effects in 21.84% of the cases, followed by the anti-tuberculosis drugs with
14.94% of the cases. The most common types of cutaneous adverse reactions were urticaria (21.57%) and skin eruptions
(17.87%). The French method of imputability gave the following results: 64.04% of drug-effect relationships had an
imputability score of I2, 15.79% a score of I1, 14.91% a score of I3, 3.51% a score of I4 and 1.75% a score of I0.
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions
must be recognized in advance in order to ensure better surveillance and improve the
safety of drugs.
K
EYWORDS
:
Toxidermia, Drug, Imputability, Score, Pharmacovigilance.
R
ESUME
:
Les toxidermies sont l’ensemble des effets indésirables à expression cutanée faisant suite à une prise par voie
systémique de médicaments.
Beaucoup de médicaments d’usage courant induisent des toxidermies chez 1 à 3% des utilisateurs, mais plus de 90% des
toxidermies sont bénignes. Les formes qui mettent en jeu le pronostic vital sont très rares. Le but de ce travail est de
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