LECTURE 9
Digestive System
Urinary System
The Urinary System
•
Functions
•
Gross Anatomy
•
Kidneys
•
Bladder
Functions of the Urinary System
1.
Regulates plasma ion concentrations (Na
+
, K
+
, Cl
-)
2.
Regulates blood volume and blood pressure
3.
Helps to stabilize blood pH
4.
prevents the loss of valuable nutrients
5.
Eliminates organic matter/waste (urea)
6.
Synthesizes calcitriol (active form of vitamin D)
7.
prevents dehydration
8.
Aids the liver with some of its functions
(detoxifying poisons)
Figure 26.1
Aorta
Suprarenal
gland
Renal artery
and vein
Inferior
vena cava
Components of the Urinary System
Kidney
Produces urine
Ureter
Transports urine toward
the urinary bladder
Urinary Bladder
Temporarily stores
urine prior to elimination
Urethra
Conducts urine to exterior;
in males, transports semen
as well
The Kidneys
•
The Right Kidney
–
covered by the liver, hepatic flexure and
duodenum
•
The Left Kidney
–
Covered by the spleen, stomach, pancreas, splenic
flexure, and jejunum
–
positioned higher than the right kidney
•
Both capped with the suprarenal glands
a
Diaphragm
Inferior vena cava
Right suprarenal
gland
Right kidney
Hilum
Rectum (cut)
Urinary bladder
Left common
iliac artery
Abdominal aorta
Left ureter
Left renal vein
Left suprarenal gland
Left kidney
Left renal artery
Diagrammatic anterior view of the abdominopelvic cavity
showing the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, urinary
bladder, and blood supply to the kidneys
Figure 26.3a
Aorta
Inferior
vena cava
Spinal
cord
Adipose
tissue
Pararenal
fat
Renal fascia
Perirenal fat
Fibrous capsule
Connective Tissue
Layers Protecting
the Kidneys
Left kidney
Ureter
Renal artery
and vein
Parietal peritoneum
Stomach
Pancreas
Vertebra
Spleen
The Kidney
•
Sectional anatomy
•
Blood supply
•
Nephron……..
Sectional Anatomy of the Kidney
Hilum
Renal papilia
Ureter
Inner layer of
fibrous capsule
Renal sinus
Renal pelvis
Connection to
minor calyx
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Outer layer of
fibrous capsule
Figure 26.4a
Cortex
Medulla
Renal
pyramid
Renal
lobe
Renal columns
Sectional Anatomy of the Kidney
Cortex
Medulla
Renal columns
Outer layer of
fibrous capsule
Hilum
Ureter
Outer layer of fibrous
capsule
Renal pyramids
Renal sinus
Inner layer of fibrous
capsule
Renal pelvis
Major calyx
Minor calyx
Renal papilla
Renal lobe
Figure 26.4a
Structure of the Kidney
Fig. 26- 4
Blood Supply to the Kidneys
Fig. 26.5
Renal artery
Segmental
artery
Interlobar
arteries
Cortical
radiate
arteries
Cortical
radiate
veins
Interlobar
veins
Renal
veins
Arcuate
veins
Arcuate
arteries
Cortical radiate vein
Cortical radiate
artery
Arcuate vein
Renal
pyramid
Glomerulus
Afferent
arterioles
Juxtamedullary
nephron
Interlobar vein
Interlobar artery
Minor calyx
Circulation in the renal cortex
Cortical
nephron
Arcuate artery
Fig. 26.5
Fig. 26- 5
RENAL BLOOD SUPPLY SUMMARY
Fig. 26.5
rtical radiate veins
Fig. 26.7
The Nephron:
Structure & Function
The Nephron
Basic structural and functional unit of the kidney
Renal tubule
:
long tubular passageway
Main functions of the nephron:
1.
Reabsorbs useful organic material from the filtrate
•
