KAS 1 LT 2 REVIEWER
SPAIN IN THE PHILIPPINES
Spanish Colonial Administration
1572 – Fall of Manila
SYNOD OF MANILA (1582)
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Proposed by
Domingo de Salazar
-
Tried to control abuses of officials
o
There were many abuses while “taming natives”
-
Attempted to publish
Handbook for Confessors
o
Attempts to be published for officials
o
Never materialized; burned; not published
-
Establishment of Diocese of Manila
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Tried to
standardize method of conversion
o
There were 5 religious orders assigned a mission for a
province before
-
There was an issue in language
o
At first, decree wanted Spanish to be taught, but impractical
due to small Spanish population
o
Spanish will then
learn local language
in the Philippines
REDUCCION PLAN
-
Proposed by
Juan de Plasencia
-
Forced
resettlement of natives
-
Relocation from small settlements to a larger town
-
“Bajo el son de la campane”
= resettle under the sound of church
bells
PLAZA COMPLEX
o
Settlement pattern
o
To monitor natives from womb to tomb
o
Public open space with different institutions around it
o
Central activity; residences around based on class
*INTRAMUROS = within the wall ; Manila || ARRABALES = outside the wall;
Extramuros
> Ayuntamiento : houses Cabildo / City Counsil of Manila
> Palacio de Gobernador : residence of Gov. Gen. of PH
DOCUMENTS
PADRON
-
Held by
Cabeza de Barangay
-
List of all converted Christians in community
-
To recruit forced labor and collect tribute (Polo y Servicio)
MAPA DE ALMAS
-
Held by
Parish Priest
-
To check Christian duties and confessions
* Same contents, different handlers
* Seen in Noli me Tangere: Confession = cause of Don Rafael Ibarra’s death; church
thought he was revolting against church because he didn’t confess for a long time.
REACTIONS ON COLONIZATION
-
Accepted
-
Fled
Infieles / Vagamundo / Ladrones
-
Resisted
Tulisanes / Cinimares
Spanish Colonial Structure
CENTRALIZATION
-
establish a
central government and faith
in the colony
SPANISH EMPIRE
-
Has 4 viceroyalties (New Spain, Peru, Rio de la Plata, New Granada)
-
Philippines is under Mexico viceroy (viceroyalty of New Spain)
Cabeza de Barangay
-
Collect tribute
-
Recruitment of forced labor (Polo y Servicio)
-
Former “Datu”
-
Holds the
Padrones de Almas (Padron)
Gobernador Heneral
-
“King of Philippines”
-
Head of Real Audiencia (Court)
-
Absolute, powerful dictator
-
Vice-real patron
power over ecclesiastical appointments
-
Practically independent because Spain is far; decrees take months
to reach
“A la ley se acata pero no se complo” =
We revere the law, but we
don’t obey
Alcalde Mayor
-
Provincial level
-
Executive and judicial powers
-
INDULTO DE COMERCO
= right to participate in galleon trade
o
Prone to corruption (ex. Private service/product may be used
for public)
Corregidor
-
Head of
Corrigimientos
o
“Unpacified” / resistance area
o
Process of being corrected
-
Military governor
Gobernadorcillo
-
Head of Pueblos or Municipality
-
May be Filipino, literate in oral and written Spanish, 25 y/o above
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Should be Cabeza for at least 4 years
-
Highest position a Filipino can earn
RESIDENCIA
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Judicial review of residenciado
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Checks on misconducts of officials
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