Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 43: Drugs Affecting Blood PressureChapter 43: Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedUpon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to:Outline the normal controls of blood pressure and explain how the various drugs used to treat hypertension or hypotension affect these controls. Describe the therapeutic actions, indications, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, most common adverse reactions, and important drug–drug interactions associated with drugs affecting blood pressure. Discuss the use of drugs that affect blood pressure across the lifespan. Compare and contrast the prototype drugs captopril, losartan, diltiazem, nitroprusside, and droxidopa with other agents in their class and with other agents used to affect blood pressure.Outline the nursing considerations, including important teaching points, for patients receiving drugs used to affect blood pressure.
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedElements Determining Blood PressureElements Determining Blood PressureHeart RateStroke VolumeoAmount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each heartbeatTotal Peripheral ResistanceoResistance of the muscular arteries to the blood being pumped through
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedControl of Blood PressureControl of Blood Pressure
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedThe Renin–Angiotensin SystemThe Renin–Angiotensin System
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedRisks for Coronary Artery Disease Related to HypertensionRisks for Coronary Artery Disease Related to HypertensionThickening of the heart muscle Increased pressure generated by the muscle on contraction Increased workload on the heart
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedConditions Related to Untreated HypertensionConditions Related to Untreated HypertensionCAD and Cardiac DeathStrokeRenal FailureLoss of Vision
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedCategories Rating the Severity of HypertensionCategories Rating the Severity of Hypertension
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedStep 1: Lifestyle modifications are instituted Step 2: If the measures in step 1 are not sufficient, drug therapy is added Step 3: If the patient’s response is inadequate, drug dose or class may be changed or another drug added Step 4: Includes all of the above measures with the addition of more antihypertensive agents until blood pressure is controlledStepped Care Approach to Treating HypertensionStepped Care Approach to Treating Hypertension
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedUse Of Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure Across The LifespanUse Of Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure Across The Lifespan
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights ReservedTypes of Drugs Used to Control Blood Pressure
