1.Kinetic molecular theory explains the different properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of how their particles are moving 2.Gases consist of small particles separated by empty space 3.Gas particles are too far apart to experience significant attractive or repulsive forces 4.Gas particles are in constant random motion 5.Anelastic collisionis one in which no kinetic energy is lost 6.Kinetic energy of a particle depends on mass and velocity a.KE = ½ mv^2 7. Temperatureis a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter 8.Great amounts of space exist between gas particles 9.Compression reduces the empty spaces between particles 10.Gases easily flow past each other because there are no significant forces of attraction 11.Diffusionis the movement of one material through another 12.Effusionis a gas escaping through a tiny opening 13.Graham’s Law of Effusionstates that the rate of effusion for a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass 14.Pressureis defined as force per unit area 15.Gas particles exert pressure when they collide with the walls of their container 16.The particles in the earth’s atmosphere exert pressure in all directions called air pressure 17.There is less air pressure at high altitudes because there are fewer particles present 18.Barometersare instruments used to measure atmospheric air pressure 19.The SI unit of force is the newton (N) 20.Onepascal(Pa) is equal to a force of one Newton per square meter or N/m^2 21.Oneatmosphereis equal to 760 mm Hg or 101.3 kilopascals (kPa) 22.Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressuresstates that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of all of the gases of the mixture 23.Partial pressure can be used to calculate the amount of gas produced in a chemical reaction 24.Intramolecular forces are forces inside of a molecule such as covalent bonds 25.Intermolecular forces are between molecules 26.Dispersion forcesare weak forces that result from temporary shifts in density of electrons in electron clouds. They occur only in non-polar substances. 27.Dipole-dipole forcesare attractions between oppositely charged
regions of polar molecules 28.Hydrogen bondsare special dipole-dipole attractions that occur between molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen 29.The stronger the intermolecular force, the higher the boiling point 30.Forces of attraction keep molecules closely packed in a fixed volume, but not in a fixed position 31.Liquids are much denser than gases because of the stronger intermolecular forces holding the particles together 32.Unlike gases, liquids and solids can not be compressed 33.
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