Computer alphabet composed of 0 &1 -> several levels of abstraction above hardware (symbolic on/off)
Physical symbol hypothesis: physical symbol system has the necessary & sufficient means for intelligent
action.
Simon & newell 4 basic principle to characterize physical symbol system:
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Symbols = physical patterns
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Symbols combined to form complex SS
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PSS contains processes for manipulating complex SS
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Process for generating & transforming complex SS can themselves be represented by symbols &
SS within the system
Initial state = set of permissible transformations of it = search space (all the states that can be reached)
PSS hypothesis -> thinking is simply the transformation of SS according to rules – do it in a sophisticated
enough way = qualify as intelligent
Different types of hardware can run same software
TURING TEST
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OBJ
god created vessels capable of thought, thus no manmade thing could ever “think”
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RESP
in conjunction with mutation that improved brain
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OBJ
consequences of machines thinking would be too dreadful
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RESP
it is best if mad is shown to be necessarily superior _> no fear of him losing commanding
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- Fall '11
- Alison
- Dennett, Newell
