BI13_Ch8 PP Slides - Joints Chapter 8 Goals Be able to...

Joints
Chapter 8

Goals
• Be able to classify joints based on
function and structure
• Describe and give examples of fibrous,
cartilaginous, and synovial joints
• Know the different classification of joint
movement
• Be able to describe the 6 classes of
synovial joints
• Joint injuries and diseases

Classification of Joints
Definition and Function of Joints
Functional Classifications
Structural Classifications

Articulations
• Joint = Articulation
– Place where two bones
meet
•
Function of joints
1. Give skeleton mobility
2. Hold skeleton together
•
Articulations are the
weakest parts of the
skeleton
– Still can resist many
forces

Classification of Joints
Definition and Function of Joints
Functional Classifications
Structural Classifications

Functional Classifications
• Classify based on how much movement
– Synarthroses
• Immovable
• Typically on axial skeleton
– Amphiarthroses
• Slightly moveable
• Typically on axial skeleton
– Diarthroses
• Freely movable
• Typically on limbs

Classification of Joints
Definition and Function of Joints
Functional Classifications
Structural Classifications

Structural Classifications
• Classify based on material binding bones
together
– Fibrous
• Bones joined by collagen fibers
– Cartilaginous
•
Bones joined by cartilage
– Synovial
• Joint lined with synovial membrane
• We will examine by structural
classification

Three Basic Joints
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints

Characteristics of Fibrous Joints
• Bones are joined by
fibrous tissue
• No joint cavity
present
• Most are
synarthroses
– Immovable
• A few are
amphiarthroses
– Slight movement

Sutures
• Only occur between
bones of skull
• Space between
bones filled with short
connective tissue
fibers
• Syntoses
– Fibrous tissue ossifies
– Occurs in middle age
– Protects the brain

Syndesmosomes
• Bones are connected by
a ligament
–
Cord of fibrous tissue
connecting bones
• Vary in length
– Longer fibers allow more
movement
– Still classified as
synarthroses
• Examples:
– Distal tibiofibular joint
– Interosseous membrane
connecting radius and ulna

Gomphoses
• “Peg in socket”
fibrous joint
• Only example in
humans is a tooth in
alveolar socket
– Periodontal ligament

Three Basic Joints
Fibrous Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Synovial Joints

Characteristics of Cartilaginous
Joints
• Bones are joined by
cartilage
• No joint cavity
present
• Two types of
cartilaginous joints
– Synchondroses
– Symphyses

Synchondroses
• Bones are connected by a bar or plate of hyaline
cartilage
• Virtually all are synchondroses
• Examples
– Epiphyseal plate in growing long bones
– 1
st
sternocostal joint

Symphyses
•