Biquad Realization
Boris Murmann
Stanford University
[email protected]
Copyright © 2009 by Boris Murmann
B. Murmann
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EE315A
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HO #4
Architectural Options for High-Order Filters
•
Cascades of (active) first and second-order sections (biquads)
•
Ladder filters (passive or emulated using active components)
•
Specialized architectures, typically emphasizing low complexity
Watch out for sensitivity issues
B. Murmann
2
EE315A
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HO #4
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Watch out for sensitivity issues
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Building Block Options
[Kuhn, IEEE TCAS II, 10/2003]
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EE315A
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HO #4
Example
•
An interesting filter
that combines three
different approaches
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Passive LC
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Active RC
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Switched capacitor
[Schreier, JSSC 12/2002]
B. Murmann
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EE315A
―
HO #4