11-10-08 Mutations, mutagenesis and carcinogenesis
I.
How do different alleles arise
a.
Mutations: heritable changes in genes
i.
Allele- form of a gene; specific site on DNA
ii.
Occur in DNA
iii.
But they effect proteins
iv.
Point mutations
1.
Structural genes
a.
Silent
b.
Mis-sense
c.
Nonsense
d.
Frameshift
e.
Intron/exon boundaries
2.
Control genes
a.
Promoter/enhancer sequences
b.
Transcription factors
b.
Silent Mutations
i.
Mutation at position 12 in DNA: A instead of C
1.
No result in amino acid sequence
c.
MIssense
i.
A base change that gives a codon for a different amino acid is a mis-sense
mutation.
ii.
Amino acid change at position 5 bal instead of asp
d.
Nonsense mutation
i.
Mutation that makes the protein chain stop
ii.
Type of point mutation
e.
Frame-shift mutation
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i.
Addition or deletion of a base (or 2 bases) produces a frame shift mutation
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- Spring '09
- COMAI
- DNA, Proteins, Mutation, amino acid sequence, amino acid change, Frame shift mutation
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