End of Book - Appendix A Physical Properties of Fluids 0.5...

Fig. A.1 Absolute viscosity of com-
mon fluids at 1 atm.
Appendix A
Physical Properties
of Fluids
Absolute viscosity
µ
, N
⋅
s
/
m
2
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.06
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
6
4
3
2
1 × 10
– 3
1 × 10
– 4
1 × 10
– 5
5
– 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature, ° C
Aniline
Mercury
Kerosine
Air
6
4
3
2
6
4
3
2
Hydrogen
Carbon dioxide
Helium
Benzene
Gasoline (SG 0.68)
Water
Ethyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Crude oil (SG 0.86)
Castor oil
SAE 30 oil
Glycerin
SAE 10 oil
769

Fig. A.2 Kinematic viscosity of
common fluids at 1 atm.
770 Appendix A
Kinematic viscosity
ν
, m
2
/
s
1 × 10
– 3
8
6
4
3
2
1 × 10
– 4
1 × 10
– 5
1 × 10
– 6
1 × 10
– 7
– 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature, ° C
8
6
4
3
2
8
6
4
3
2
8
6
4
3
2
Mercury
Gasoline (SG 0.68)
Carbon
tetrachloride
Water
Ethyl alcohol
Kerosine
Benzene
Crude oil (SG 0.86)
Carbon dioxide
SAE 30 oil
Air and oxygen
Hydrogen
SAE 10 oil
Glycerin
Helium

Table A.1 Viscosity and Density of
Water at 1 atm
Suggested curve fits for water in the range 0 T 100 ° C:
(kg/m
3
) 1000 0.0178  T ° C 4 ° C 
1.7
0.2%
ln
0
1.704 5.306 z 7.003 z 2
z
2
T
73
K
K
0
1.788 E-3 kg/(m s)
Physical Properties of Fluids 771
T , °C , kg/m 3 , N s/m 2 , m 2 /s T , °F , slug/ft 3 , lb s/ft 2 , ft 2 /s
0 1000 1.788 E-3 1.788 E-6 32 1.940 3.73 E-5 1.925 E-5
10 1000 1.307 E-3 1.307 E-6 50 1.940 2.73 E-5 1.407 E-5
20 998 1.003 E-3 1.005 E-6 68 1.937 2.09 E-5 1.082 E-5
30 996 0.799 E-3 0.802 E-6 86 1.932 1.67 E-5 0.864 E-5
40 992 0.657 E-3 0.662 E-6 104 1.925 1.37 E-5 0.713 E-5
50 988 0.548 E-3 0.555 E-6 122 1.917 1.14 E-5 0.597 E-5
60 983 0.467 E-3 0.475 E-6 140 1.908 0.975 E-5 0.511 E-5
70 978 0.405 E-3 0.414 E-6 158 1.897 0.846 E-5 0.446 E-5
80 972 0.355 E-3 0.365 E-6 176 1.886 0.741 E-5 0.393 E-5
90 965 0.316 E-3 0.327 E-6 194 1.873 0.660 E-5 0.352 E-5
100 958 0.283 E-3 0.295 E-6 212 1.859 0.591 E-5 0.318 E-5
Table A.2 Viscosity and Density of
Air at 1 atm
T , °C , kg/m
3
, N s/m
2
, m
2
/s T , °F , slug/ft
3
, lb s/ft
2
, ft
2
/s
40 1.52 0 1.51 E-5 0.99 E-5 40 2.94 E-3 3.16 E-7 1.07 E-4
0 1.29 0 1.71 E-5 1.33 E-5 32 2.51 E-3 3.58 E-7 1.43 E-4
20 1.20 0 1.80 E-5 1.50 E-5 68 2.34 E-3 3.76 E-7 1.61 E-4
50 1.09 0 1.95 E-5 1.79 E-5 122 2.12 E-3 4.08 E-7 1.93 E-4
100 0.946 2.17 E-5 2.30 E-5 212 1.84 E-3 4.54 E-7 2.47 E-4
150 0.835 2.38 E-5 2.85 E-5 302 1.62 E-3 4.97 E-7 3.07 E-4
200 0.746 2.57 E-5 3.45 E-5 392 1.45 E-3 5.37 E-7 3.71 E-4
250 0.675 2.75 E-5 4.08 E-5 482 1.31 E-3 5.75 E-7 4.39 E-4
300 0.616 2.93 E-5 4.75 E-5 572 1.20 E-3 6.11 E-7 5.12 E-4
400 0.525 3.25 E-5 6.20 E-5 752 1.02 E-3 6.79 E-7 6.67 E-4
500 0.457 3.55 E-5 7.77 E-5 932 0.89 E-3 7.41 E-7 8.37 E-4
Suggested curve fits for air:
R
p
T
R
air
287 J/(kg K)
Power law:
0
T
T
0
0.7
Sutherland law:
0
T
T
0
3/2 T
T
0
S
S
S
air
110.4 K
with T
0
273 K,
0
1.71 E-5 kg/(m s), and T in kelvins.

Table A.3 Properties of Common
Liquids at 1 atm and 20 ° C (68 ° F)
Molecular Specific-heat Power-law
Gas weight R , m
2
/(s
2
K) g , N/m
3
, N s/m
2
ratio exponent n
†
H
2
2.016 4124 0 0.822 9.05 E-6 1.41 0.68
He 4.003 2077 0 1.63 0 1.97 E-5 1.66 0.67
H
2
O 18.02 0 0 461 0 7.35 0 1.02 E-5 1.33 1.15
Ar 39.944 0 208 16.3 00 2.24 E-5 1.67 0.72
Dry air 28.96 0 0 287 11.8 00 1.80 E-5 1.40 0.67
CO
2
44.01 0 0 189 17.9 00 1.48 E-5 1.30 0.79
CO 28.01 0 0 297 11.4 00 1.82 E-5 1.40 0.71
N
2
28.02 0 0 297 11.4 00 1.76 E-5 1.40 0.67
O
2
32.00 0 0 260 13.1 00 2.00 E-5 1.40 0.69
NO 30.01 0 0 277 12.1 00 1.90 E-5 1.40 0.78
N
2
O 44.02 0 0 189 17.9 00 1.45 E-5 1.31 0.89
Cl
2
70.91 0 0 117 28.9 00 1.03 E-5 1.34 1.00
CH
4
16.04 0 0 518 0 6.54 0 1.34 E-5 1.32 0.87
†
The power-law curve fit, Eq. (1.27), /
293K
( T /293) n , fits these gases to within 4 percent in the range 250 T
1000 K. The temperature must be in kelvins.
772 Appendix A
Bulk modulus, Viscosity
Liquid , kg/m 3 , kg/(m s) , N/m* p , N/m 2 N/m 2 parameter C †
Ammonia 13, 608 2.20 E-4 2.13 E-2 9.10 E 5 — 1.05
Benzene 13, 881 6.51 E-4 2.88 E-2 1.01 E 4 1.4 3 E 9 4.34
Carbon tetrachloride 3 1,590 9.67 E-4 2.70 E-2 1.20 E 4 9.65 E 8 4.45
Ethanol 13, 789 1.20 E-3 2.28 E-2 5.7 3 E 3 9.0 3 E 8 5.72
Ethylene glycol 3 1,117 2.14 E-2 4.84 E-2 1.2 3 E 1 — 11.7