chem 101L manual - CHEMISTRY 101L Laboratory Manual Spring...

CHEMISTRY 101L
Laboratory Manual
Spring 2006

CSUN CHEM 101L Laboratory Manual
i
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... i
To the Student ......................................................................................................... ii
Introduction to the Laboratory
Laboratory Safety and Procedures ........................................................................ 1
Laboratory Notebook ............................................................................................ 9
Scientific Abstract .............................................................................................. 13
Exercise 1
Mass & Volume Measurements and Significant Figures ...................................... 14
Exercise 2
Preparing Graphs ............................................................................................... 20
Exercise 3
Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper ...................................................... 33
Exercise 4
Electrical Conductance of Various Materials ....................................................... 38
Exercise 5
Analysis of a Malachite Mixture .......................................................................... 44
Exercise 6
Analysis of Unknown Solutions .......................................................................... 47
Exercise 7
Acid-Base Titrations ........................................................................................... 51
Exercise 8
Molecular Structure and Properties .................................................................... 56
Exercise 9
Calorimetry ........................................................................................................ 64
Exercise 10
Atomic Emission Spectra .................................................................................... 67
Exercise 11
Comparison of the β -Carotene Content of Raw and Cooked Carrots ..................... 74

CSUN CHEM 101L Laboratory Manual
ii
To the Student
The laboratory exercises in this manual are designed to help you develop a sense of
how science, and chemistry in particular, is done. In addition to learning many essential
laboratory techniques, you will learn how to plan experiments, acquire data, record
observations, and properly present your findings. You will also learn procedures for
working safely in the laboratory.
In order to ensure your success in the laboratory, it is very important that you come to
class prepared. Prior to your lab period, you should always read through the description
of the assigned exercise found in this manual. You will be expected to review short
sections in your lecture text, in order to better understand the principles of the
experiment. Each activity will also have a short set of pre-laboratory questions. You are
strongly advised to do this assignment, in preparation for the pre-lab quiz that will be
held at the beginning of each laboratory experiment. Because time is limited in the
laboratory, you must plan your course of action in advance. Planning ahead will ensure
that you complete the assignment and work safely and efficiently in the laboratory.
Students who fail to demonstrate the proper preparation before coming to lab will not be
allowed to work in the laboratory.
Each laboratory period your instructor will offer a short pre-lab lecture. This
discussion will be used to highlight safety provisions, demonstrate proper techniques and
equipment use, and discuss any questions you may have. Come to the lab prepared to
ask questions about any part of the experiment that you do not understand.
For many of the lab exercises you will work with other students in a team. Every
student is expected to contribute to the completion of the lab activity. You will be
responsible for maintaining an individual lab notebook, and when unknowns are
analyzed, each student will have a different unknown and will report separate results.