Chapter 22-population... - Chapter 22 Population...

Chapter 22- Population, urbanization and the environment
Demography: the study of population
• Until 250 years ago the world pop. Was around 500 mil.
• Life span was shorter than it is now
• 77 million ppl added to the planet each year
• 6.2 billion in 2002
• Demography- the study of human population
Fertility
• The incline of child bearing in a country’s population
• A women could possibly bear 20 children but this poses many problems
• Crude birth rate- number of live births for every thousand ppl in the population
o Calculated by diving the number of births by a population and multiplying
it by 1000
• 2002, Canada- 327 882 love births with population of 30million
o Crude birth rate of 10.9
• Newfoundland- 8.8- low due to out migration
• Quebec is low because many women entered the work force
• Funafuti- 25.2
Mortality
• The incidence of death in a women population
• Crude death rate
o Same as birth rate
o Canada in 2002- 7.5
• Infant morality rate- rate of death in infants in the first year of life for each
thousand life births in a year
o Found by dividing the number of deaths of infants by live births and
x1000
o 2001-5,0 per 1000
• Life expectancy- average life span of a societies population
o Canadian born males in 1997 can expect to live to 76 while women can
live to 81
o Life expectancy is in rich countries is 20 years longer than poor.
Migration
• The movement of ppl into and out of a specific territory
• Migration is sometimes involuntary
• It is also due to push-pull factors
o Dissatisfaction with life in poor countries is a push factor
o Pull factors include attractions to big city where oppurntity is greater
• Immigration
o Movement of people into a country.

o In-migration rate- The number entering per every thousand ppl
• Emigration
o The movement of people out of a country.
o Out-migration rate- ppl leaving per every thousand
• Net-migration rate is the result of both in and out migration
Population growth
• Affected by migration, morality, fertility
• Natural growth rate- subtract crude birth and death rates
• 2002- Canada’s natural growth rate was 3.3.
Population composition
• One variable is sex ratio
o Number of males to every 100 females
o In 2001 ratio was 98 men per 100 females
o Women tend to outlive men
o Ratio is 1007 in India. This could be because they value males more and
abort females at birth
• Age-sex pyramid
o Graphic representation of the age and sex in population
o The bulge in the pyramid of women when they’re 30 reps. the baby boom.
Just below that represents the baby bust
o Through age sex pyramids we can predict demographic trends
History and the theory of population growth
• Societies desired high birth rates due to high death rates
• A critical point in world population growth occur din the 1750’s as the earth
population turned upwards
• Population currently 6 billion
o 1800- I billion
o 1930- 2 billion
o 1962-3 billion
o 1974-4 billion
o 1999- 6 billion
o By 2050- presumed to be 7-8 billion as it gains 77 million ppl year
Malthusian theory
• Thomas Malthus