Square of Opposition.docx - RUNNING HEAD Square of...

RUNNING HEAD: Square of Opposition Assignment
Jocelyn Gil-Preciado
West Coast University
Critical Reasoning
Professor Yamashita

RUNNING HEAD: Square of Opposition Assignment
Categorical Logic and Square of Opposition
In our everyday lives, we may not realize how important categorical logic is. Developed
by Aristotle in the fourth century, this term became a way to simply break down claims.
According to Critical Thinking categorical logic means "logic based on the relations of inclusion
and exclusion among classes" (Moore & Parker, 243, 2017). In other words, it is used to clarify
and analyze deductive arguments. By putting claims into categories and translating them into
simpler forms, they are easier to understand. There are four types of translating claims and they
are statements called A,E,I,O, claims. After translating the claims and putting them into their
categories, we are then able to use the square of opposition to find the specific claim.
Categorical logic is based on the four basic types of claims which are A,E,I,O,. These are
the four basic types of claims. The universal affirmative statement (A), the universal negative
statement (E), the particular affirmative statement, and the particular negative statement (I) and
also the particular negative (O) statement (Moore & Parker, 257, 2017). When it comes to the
universal affirmative (A) statement, this claim is put into the form, “All___are___.”E statement
claims are “No___are___.” When it comes to putting the I statements into a category one would
use the form, “Some__are___.” Last but not least, the O statements are put into the form of,