Pearson Chapter 2: Biological FoundationsEndocrine System:Consists of glands in various parts of the body. Throughhormones, the glands coordinate their functioning and affect the development andfunctioning of the body-Release Hormones:Chemicals, released by the glands of the endocrinesystem, that affect the development and functioning of the body,including development during pubertyPuberty:The changes in physiology, anatomy, and physical functioning that developa person into a mature adult biologically and prepare the body for sexualreproductionHypothalamus:Where hormonal changes of puberty begin. It is the “master gland”,located in the lower part of the brain beneath the cortex, that affects a wide rangeof physiological and psychological functioning and stimulates and regulates theproduction of hormones by other glands, including the ones involved in the initiationof pubertyGonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH):Hormone released by the hypothalamusthat causes gonadotropins to be released by the pituitary-The increase occurs once a threshold level of body fat is reachedLeptin:A protein, produced by fat calls, that signals the hypothalamus to initiate thehormonal changes of pubertyPituitary Gland:A gland about half an inch long located at the base of the brain thatreleases gonadotropins as part of the body’s preparation for reproductionGonadotropins:Hormones (FSH and LH) that stimulate the development of gametes-(FSH) Follicle-stimulating hormone:along with LH (Luteinizing Hormone),stimulates the development of gametes and sex hormones in the ovariesand testiclesGametes:Egg cells in the ovaries of the female and sperm in the testes of the maleGonads:The ovaries and testicles. Also known as the sex glandsSex Hormones:Androgens and estrogens that cause the development of primaryand secondary sex characteristics-Estrogen:The sex hormones that have especially high levels in femalesfrom puberty onward and are mostly responsible for female primary andsecondary sex characteristicsoMost important estrogen is Estradiol:-Androgens:The sex hormones that have especially high levels in malesfrom puberty onward and are mostly responsible for male primary andsecondary sex characteristicsoThe most important androgen is Testosterone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH):The hormone that causes the adrenal glandsto increase androgen productionFeedback Loop:System of hormones involving the hypothalamus, the pituitarygland, and the gonads, which monitors and adjusts the levels of the sex hormonesSet Point:Optimal level of sex hormones in the body. When this point is reached,responses in the glands of the feedback loop cause the production of sex hormonesto be reducedAdolescent Growth Spurt:Earliest signs of puberty for both girls and boys. The rapidincrease in height that takes place at the beginning pubertyPeak Height Velocity:The point at which the adolescent growth spurt is at itsmaximum rate-Girls grow at about 3.5 inches a year, and boys grow about 4.1 inches
Upload your study docs or become a
Course Hero member to access this document
Upload your study docs or become a
Course Hero member to access this document
End of preview. Want to read all 8 pages?
Upload your study docs or become a
Course Hero member to access this document
Term
Spring
Professor
N/A
Tags
Secondary sex characteristic
