New Course Material:
(6 pts)
1. Define and briefly discuss the three functions of the nephron.
In your answer include the
following: at what part of the nephron does each primarily
occur; why is a particular function important;
and provide examples of substances involved in each function.
Filtration
—filter (
nonspecific
—based on size) and control initial components of tubular filtrate (ex. Na, glucose,
amino acids)
regulate blood volume, pH, composition of blood
Occurs: glomerulus
Reabsorption
– conserve H20 and nutrients (
specific
)
Occurs at:
Prox/distal tubules
Loop of henle
Collecting duct
Secretion
– remove toxins and nitrogenous wastes
Occurs at: Prox/distal tubules
(4 pts)
2. Your blood pressure is rapidly increasing due to eating a huge bag of very salty potato chips and
drinking several glasses of caffeine-free coca-cola.
The increased blood pressure stretches your heart’s
atria and the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) results.
By what mechanisms does ANP help
normalize blood pressure?
ANP
Targets baroreceptors that cause posterior pituitary to decrease ADH release which inhibits
collecting ducts of kidney (lower Na+ and water reabsorption
lower blood volume)
-
JG apparatus effects decrease rennin release which results in vasodilation
-
Adrenal cortex effects decrease aldosterone release also inhibiting the collecting ducts of kidney leading
to decreased Na+ and H20 reabsorption
decrease blood volume
All act to decrease BP
(7 pts) 3. Select from the following list seven
terms and define them: brush border, peritubular capillaries,
minor calyx, net filtration pressure equation, gastric ulcer, gastrin, bile salts, gall stones, Kupffer cells,
chylomicrons, macula densa, and medullary (renal) pyramid, bile, cirrhosis, hepatitis,
chymotrypsinogen/chymotrypsin, glomerular filtration membrane, metabolism, alimentary canal,
peristalsis/segmentation, mucosa, chief cells, paretal cells, goblet cells, intrinsic/extrinsic.
brush border-
lines the surface of microvilli in small intestines and is the site of various enzymes and absorption
of nutrients
peritubular capillaries-
the capillary complex surrounding the nephronic tubules
minor calyx-
the first collection site of the calyx which drains into the ureter of the kidney
net filtration pressure equation-
NFP= HPg-(OPg + HPc) (text to explain this is also fine)
gastric ulcer-
erosions in stomach wall most being caused by bacteria
gastrin-
a hormone from stomach that promotes acid secretion
bile salts-
produced by liver these salts are responsible for lipid/fat emulsification to add digestion
gall stones-
produced when insufficient bile results in deposition of cholesterol “stones” in the gall bladder
Kupffer cells-
hepatic macrophages
chylomicrons-
the emulsified particles of fat and bile salts
macula densa-
groups of specialized cells of the distal tubule which monitor tubular pressure and osmolarity
medullary (renal) pyramid-
the arrangement of groups of nephrons into pyramid like structures
bile-
contains bile salts and stored and released by gall bladder
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- Spring '10
- sanders
- cells, pts
-
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