22.pdf - 2019 AP Physics C Mechanics \u00ae Free-Response Questions Set 1 \u00a9 2019 The College Board College Board Advanced Placement AP AP Central and the

2019 AP ® Physics C: Mechanics Free-Response Questions Set 1 © 2019 The College Board. College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Visit the College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C TABLE OF INFORMATION -2- CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Proton mass, 27 1.67 10 kg p m 0 ¡ Neutron mass, 27 1.67 10 kg n m 0 ¡ Electron mass, 31 9.11 10 kg e m 0 ¡ Avogadro’s number, 23 1 0 6.02 10 mol N 0 ¡ Universal gas constant, 8.31 J (mol K) R < Boltzmann’s constant, 23 1.38 10 J K B k 0 ¡ Electron charge magnitude, 19 1.60 10 C e 0 ¡ 1 electron volt, 19 1 eV 1.60 10 J 0 ¡ Speed of light, 3.00 10 m s c ¡ 8 Universal gravitational constant, + , 11 2 2 6.67 10 N m kg G 0 ¡ < Acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface, 2 9.8 m s g 1 unified atomic mass unit, 27 2 1 u 1.66 10 kg 931 MeV c 0 ¡ Planck’s constant, 0 34 15 6.63 10 J s 4.14 10 eV s h 0 ¡ ¡ < < 25 3 ¡ 1.99 10 J m 1.24 10 eV nm hc ¡ < < 0 Vacuum permittivity, + , 12 2 2 0 8.85 10 C N m e 0 ¡ < Coulomb’s law constant, + , + , 9 2 2 0 1 4 9.0 10 N m C k pe ¡ < Vacuum permeability, 7 0 4 10 (T m) A m p 0 ¡ < Magnetic constant, + , 7 0 4 1 10 (T m) A k m p 0 ¡ ¢ < 1 atmosphere pressure, 5 2 5 1 atm 1.0 10 N m 1.0 10 Pa ¡ ¡ UNIT SYMBOLS meter, m kilogram, kg second, s ampere, A kelvin, K mole, mol hertz, Hz newton, N pascal, Pa joule, J watt, W coulomb, C volt, V ohm, W henry, H farad, F tesla, T degree Celsius, C £ electron volt, eV PREFIXES Factor Prefix Symbol 9 10 giga G 6 10 mega M 3 10 kilo k 2 10 0 centi c 0 3 10 milli m 6 10 0 micro m 9 10 0 nano n 12 10 0 pico p VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES q 0 D 30 D 37 D 45 D 53 D 60 D 90 D sin q 0 1 2 3 5 2 2 4 5 3 2 1 cos q 1 3 2 4 5 2 2 3 5 1 2 0 tan q 0 3 3 3 4 1 4 3 3 ¤ The following assumptions are used in this exam. I. The frame of reference of any problem is inertial unless otherwise stated. II. The direction of current is the direction in which positive charges would drift. III. The electric potential is zero at an infinite distance from an isolated point charge. IV. All batteries and meters are ideal unless otherwise stated. V. Edge effects for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor are negligible unless otherwise stated.

-3- ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS MECHANICS a = acceleration E = energy F = force f = frequency h = height I = rotational inertia J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant A = length L = angular momentum m = mass P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance T = period t = time U = potential energy v = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque w = angular speed a = angular acceleration f = phase angle 0 Ã Ã . x x a t x 2 0 0 1 2 Ã . . x x x x t a t + 2 2 0 2 Ã Ã . 0 x x x a x x , 0 net F F a m m Ç G G G G G dp F dt D Ô G J F dt p G G p mv G G m ¥ G G f N F F D Ô G G < E W F dr 2 1 2 Ã K m dE P dt G G < P F v D D g U mg h 2 2 Ã w c a r r t ¡ G G G r F t t a Ç G G G net I I 2 I r dm m Ç Ô 2 r i i cm i m x x m Ç Ç Ã w r w ¡ G G G G L r p I 2 1 2 K I w 0 t w w a .