1
Chapter 19
Radioactivity and
Nuclear Chemistry
2
Comparison Of Chemical
and Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Reactions
1
Elements may be
converted from one to
another.
2
Particles within the
nucleus, such as protons
and neutrons, are
involved in reactions.
Chemical Reactions
1
No new elements can be
produced, only new
chemical compounds.
2
Usually only the outer
most electrons participate
in reactions.
3
Comparison Of Chemical
and Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Reactions
3
Release or absorb
immense amounts of
energy, typically 1000
times more.
4
Rates of reaction are
not influenced by
external factors.
Chemical Reactions
3
Release or absorb much
smaller amounts of
energy.
4
Rates of reaction depend
on factors such as
concentration, pressure,
temperature, and
catalysts.
4
The Nucleus
Remember that the nucleus is comprised of
the two
nucleons
: protons and neutrons.
The number of protons is the atomic number.
The number of protons and neutrons together
is effectively the mass of the atom.
5
The Nucleus
Terminology used in nuclear chemistry
.
1.
Nuclide
refers to a nucleus with specific
numbers of protons and neutrons.
2.
Isotopes
are nuclei that have the same
number of protons but different neutron
numbers.
Isotopes are the same element.
6
Radioactivity
Nuclides of many elements are unstable.
They decay spontaneously, emitting
subatomic particles and electromagnetic
radiation.
We refer to these nuclides as
radioactive
.
7
8
Tro, Chemistry: A Molecular
Approach
9
10
11
12
13
14
Neutron-Proton Ratio
and Nuclear Stability
