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8-RXROHRORHLSF07

8-RXROHRORHLSF07 - CH 2 Cl 2(dichloromethane = 8.9 CH 3 CO...

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Alkyl Halides: R X Alcohols: R OH CH 3 CH 2 OH Ethanol Ethers: R OR Brevetoxin - neurotoxin from red tides Glucose CFCl 3 Freon 11 CFC 11 chloromethane 5 million tons released by ocean kelp,forest fires, and volcanoes CHCl 3 chloroform termites release 10 8 kg per year ClCH 3
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Alkyl Halides: R X Alcohols: R OH CH 3 CH 2 OH Ethanol CH 3 OH Methanol tert -Butanol Ethers: R OR CH 2 Cl 2 Dichloromethane CCl 4 Carbon tetrachloride Important Organic Solvents H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 O H O Et 2 O O O methyl tert- butyl ether MTBE tetrahydrofuran THF Diethyl ether
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an alkyl halide an alkane Structure and Relative Polarities 1.3 1.8 CH 3 C H H H 1.7 0 H C F H H
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Intermolecular Forces CH 3 C H H H CH 3 C F H H CH 3 C O H H O C H H H H C H H H
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Hydrogen bonding and Biological Molecules http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/566secprotein.html
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Classifying ROH, ROR, RX as Solvents 1.Polar or Apolar (non-polar) Dielectric constant ( ε ) is a measure of a solvents polarity= bulk property Different than Dipole moment ( μ ) = measure of an individual molecule’s polarity . HOH = 80 CH 3 OH (methanol) = 33 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH (butanol)= 17 CH 2 Cl 2 (dichloromethane) = 8.9
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Unformatted text preview: CH 2 Cl 2 (dichloromethane) = 8.9 CH 3 CO 2 CH 2 CH 3 (ethyl acetate) = 6 CH 3 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 (diethyl ether) = 4.3 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 = 1.9 H 3 C O OH H O OH μ = 1.6 D μ = 1.7 D ! = 6.1 ! = 59 Polar ε >15 Apolar ε <15 2. Protic (H-bond donor) or Aprotic (not…) 3. Donor (Lewis basic) or Nondonor (not…) CH 3 C O H H H H 3 C O OH H O H Cl C Cl H H O C H H H C H H H Cl C Cl H H CH 3 C O H H O C H H H H C H H H H 3 C O OH H O H Solubility: like dissolves like • Polar compound dissolves in polar solvent • Nonpolar compound dissolves in nonpolar solvent in H-bonding and Water Solubility Alkanes immiscible Hydrophobic Small ROH infinitely H 2 O soluble (miscible) Hydrophilic Large ROH? Ethers? OH O acceptor only Animation Solubility of Ions (this will become important in Chpt. 9) Solvation of NaCl NaCl(s) + H 2 O Biological Applications - see 8.5...
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