Powerpoint notes (unit 1-4) - Powerpoint Notes Unit 1-4...

Powerpoint Notes Unit 1-4
Lecture 1: Introduction
-“Testamentum”- last will and testament
-Old Testament- Jewish scripture
-Jewish expression “new diatheke” then used in early Jesus movement to refer to a new religious
arrangement, contrasted with earlier “covenant” from time of Moses
-Christians eventually referred to a certain portion of scriptures as writings belonging to new
diatheke
-The NT is a collection, not a single writing
-Modern New Testament (27 writings)
-NT writings composed by 16-19 different authors, over almost 100 years
-Connections in NT
-Paul wrote several of them
-Writer of one work sometimes is using/adapting another
-VARIETY
Lecture 2: NT as a Text
-Materials: broken pottery, wax tablets, wood, papyrus, parchment (animal skin, 4 th century +),
metals
-Formats: single sheet letter with seal, roll (scroll) made of sheets joined together, book (codex)
made of one or more gathering of sheets
-Oldest surviving copies: Egypt, papyrus, codex, 2nd-3
rd
century
-Greek, Capital letters, no chapter, sentence, paragraph, word divisions
-Codex Sinaiticus (4
th
century)
-well known to western scholars in 1840s
-parchment

-contains greek OT (Septuagint) and NT w/ Letter of Barnabas and Shepherd of Hermas
-Codex Vaticanus (4 th Century)
-known to western scholars in late 1800s
-parchment
-Greek OT (Septuagint) and NT
-Codex Alexandrinus (5 th century)
-Codex Bezae (5 th -6 th century) in Greek and Latin
-Palimpsest- rewritten manuscripts
-miniscules- cursive
-Auxanousin- an inadvertent change from the older reading
-Ouxenousin- in the text of essentially the same saying as found in one of the Greek fragments of
the Gospel of Thomas
Lecture 3: NT as Canon
-Canon- standardized authoritative collection of writings
-Modern NT Canon: 4 gospels, 13 pauline letters, Acts of Apostles, 8 other letters, 1 apocalypse
-Increased evidence of standardization in 4
th
century+ after Christianity official religion of
Roman Empire
-first surviving manuscripts with whole almost whole canon are from 4 th century
-in Athanasius of Alexandria in 367 CE (first one w/ 27 writings)
-not completely standardized in 4 th cent. As found other codices with variations
-codex Sinaiticus (includes letter of Barnabas and shepherd of Hermas)
-codex Alexandrinus (includes 1 Clement and 2 Clement)
-Eusebius of Caesarea (325 CE) threefold grouping that listed “recognized”, “disputed”
and “not genuine” writings
-no surviving canon list comparable to Eusebius before 4 th cent (maybe Muratorian)

-1 st evidence of 4 gospel model: Irenaeus of Lyons (180 CE)
-not readily accepted yet
-others used more than the four
-Pauline Letters
-began during his lifetime
-Marcion of SInope (mid-2 nd cent CE) advocated a collection of scriptures with only 1 Gospel
and 10 Pauline Letters
-OT (in Jesus’ time)
-no fixed Jewish Bible, there was…
-Torah: the law
-Nebi’im: prophets
-Kethubim: other writings more loosely defined with diversity in acceptance
-TaNaK
-not standardized until well after Christianity separated from Judaism
-Jude 12-15 in NT quotes 1 Enoch as prophecy
Lecture 4: Jewish Religion in 1
st
Cent.